An authentic ss31 coa (Certificate of Analysis) provides laboratory researchers with verifiable, third-party analytical documentation confirming the exact identity, chemical purity, and endotoxin profile of synthesized SS-31 (Elamipretide). PX1 Research provides comprehensive lot-specific documentation detailing reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) purity exceeding 99%, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) mass-to-charge verification, and chromogenic LAL endotoxin quantification for all preclinical research applications.
An authentic ss31 coa (Certificate of Analysis) provides laboratory researchers with verifiable, third-party analytical documentation confirming the exact identity, chemical purity, and endotoxin profile of synthesized SS-31 (Elamipretide). PX1 Research provides comprehensive lot-specific documentation detailing reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) purity exceeding 99%, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) mass-to-charge verification, and chromogenic LAL endotoxin quantification for all preclinical research applications.
In modern peptide research, evaluating experimental reagents requires rigorous analytical oversight prior to performing in vitro or ex vivo assays. A genuine ss31 coa serves as an objective passport for each manufactured lot, detailing chemical properties, synthesis batch numbers, date of manufacture, and quantitative empirical testing results. Laboratories investigating mitochondrial bioenergetics must verify that every vial of SS-31 peptide meets stringent chemical standards to prevent confounding experimental variables caused by truncated peptide sequences, residual counter-ions, or microbial contaminants.
A compliant Certificate of Analysis for SS-31 must report several critical metrics: structural identity via mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), optical purity via RP-HPLC peak area integration, residual solvent analysis, peptide content percentage, and bacterial endotoxin load. When inspecting documentation from PX1 Research, investigators can cross-reference the batch number printed on the physical vial direct to the third-party analytical report generated by ISO 17025 accredited testing facilities.
Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the primary quantitative method used to measure the chemical purity of SS-31 (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2). During RP-HPLC analysis, the peptide sample is injected onto a hydrophobic stationary phase column (typically C18) and eluted using a gradient of organic solvent, such as acetonitrile diluted with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). As the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions separate the target molecule from synthesis artifacts, an ultraviolet (UV) detector measures absorbance, generally set at 214 nm or 220 nm to capture peptide backbone absorption.
The resulting HPLC chromatogram presents a sharp main peak representing the intact SS-31 sequence, accompanied by minor baseline fluctuations or small secondary peaks representing impurities. The relative purity percentage is calculated by dividing the main peak area by the total integrated peak area. A research-grade **ss31 coa** must demonstrate a main peak purity of 99.0% or higher. Lower purity grades risk introducing truncated peptide fragments or deletion sequences that can nonspecifically bind cellular membranes or obscure bioenergetic measurements in mitochondrial peptides research.
While HPLC confirms the relative abundance of the primary compound, it cannot independently verify that the primary peak corresponds to the precise chemical structure of SS-31. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) is utilized to measure the exact mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of the molecule, verifying its amino acid sequence identity. The theoretical monoisotopic molecular weight of SS-31 (molecular formula C32H49N9O5) is approximately 639.8 g/mol.
On an authentic third-party mass spectrum included in an **ss31 coa**, researchers should observe distinct ionized species corresponding to the protonated adducts, such as [M+H]+, [M+2H]2+, or multi-charged states depending on the ionization mode. Alignment between the theoretical molecular weight and the experimentally observed mass peak confirms that no incorrect amino acid substitutions occurred during solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Reviewing full mass spectral data in the PX1 research library ensures that laboratory teams receive authentic material prior to protocol execution.
Bacterial endotoxins—lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Gram-negative cell walls—are potent inflammatory triggers that can severely compromise cell culture studies, isolated organ preparations, and animal models. Even minuscule levels of endotoxin can induce toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, masking or altering the true physiological activity of SS-31 in mitochondrial respiration assays. Consequently, endotoxin testing is an indispensable element of rigorous peptide purity testing standards.
PX1 Research subjects every batch of SS-31 to quantitative Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) chromogenic assays. An exemplary **ss31 coa** documents endotoxin concentrations expressed in Endotoxin Units per milligram (EU/mg). For sensitive cell culture and ex vivo research, endotoxin levels are maintained well below standard threshold limits (typically < 0.05 EU/mg), ensuring that cellular responses observed during experiments reflect the isolated mechanism of the research compound rather than bacterial contamination.
To streamline the evaluation of research suppliers, laboratory managers can review the standardized quality parameters implemented across all PX1 Research products. The table below outlines the minimal analytical benchmarks required for research-grade SS-31 documentation:
• **Purity Analysis (RP-HPLC):** Minimum threshold of ≥ 99.0% total peak area integration. • **Identity Verification (ESI-MS):** Experimental mass matching theoretical mass (639.8 Da) within ±0.5 Da. • **Endotoxin Assay (LAL):** Quantified levels < 0.05 EU/mg. • **Appearance & Form:** Lyophilized white to off-white cake/powder. • **Counter-Ion Determination:** Trifluoroacetate (TFA) or acetate content quantified via HPLC. • **Manufacturing Origin:** Synthesized in US-based, GMP-compliant facilities. • **Facility Compliance:** Independent analysis performed by ISO 17025 accredited laboratories. • **Fulfillment Logistics:** Traceable lot code assignment with same-day dispatch from CA and AZ fulfillment centers.
SS-31 (also known in preclinical literature as Elamipretide or MTP-131) is a novel, small cell-permeable aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2. Unlike non-targeted antioxidants, the unique structural configuration of SS-31 allows it to freely cross the outer mitochondrial membrane and selectively concentrate at the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Preclinical studies indicate that the basic residues (arginine and lysine) interact electrostatically with the negatively charged headgroups of cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid concentrated within the IMM.
In vitro models demonstrate that by associating with cardiolipin, SS-31 helps preserve cristae structure, optimizes electron transport chain (ETC) supercomplex assembly, and reduces electron leakage during oxidative phosphorylation. Researchers studying electron transport kinetics, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production frequently utilize SS-31 as a targeted molecular probe to evaluate IMM biophysical dynamics.
When designing protocols to investigate cellular bioenergetics, researchers frequently compare SS-31 against other signaling peptides and metabolic modulators. While SS-31 targets cardiolipin biophysics directly within the IMM, mitochondrial-derived peptides like MOTS-c act primarily as metabolic regulators that translocate to the nucleus during metabolic stress to modulate gene expression. Similarly, Humanin functions as a cytoprotective peptide that interacts with extracellular and intracellular receptors to suppress apoptosis pathways.
In contrast, non-peptidic cellular energetic regulators such as NAD+ boosters target enzymatic cofactor availability for sirtuins and PARPs rather than structural phospholipid interactions. Understanding these distinct mechanistic pathways allows investigators to choose the correct analytical tool for their specific experimental model. Comparing analytical parameters across our full catalog of all research peptides ensures proper selection for multi-target comparative studies.
Proper reconstitution of SS-31 is critical to preserving compound stability and ensuring accurate concentration measurements in vitro. SS-31 is supplied as a sterile, lyophilized powder. Prior to opening the vial, allow the container to equilibrate to room temperature inside a laminar flow hood to prevent condensation of atmospheric moisture on the freeze-dried cake.
Reconstitute the lyophilized peptide using sterile, bacteriostatic water or sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), depending on the requirements of your downstream assay. Gently swirl or invert the vial until complete dissolution is achieved; avoid vigorous vortexing or agitation, which can induce mechanical shear and protein aggregation. For step-by-step calculations, stock concentration tables, and diluent selection matrices, consult our comprehensive peptide reconstitution guide.
Lyophilized SS-31 exhibits high thermal stability when stored under desiccated conditions at -20°C or -80°C, remaining stable for up to 24 months. Protect the peptide from direct light exposure by storing vials in opaque secondary containers. Once reconstituted into aqueous solution, the peptide becomes more susceptible to hydrolytic cleavage and degradation over time.
Reconstituted stock solutions should be divided into single-use experimental aliquots using low-binding polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes to prevent peptide loss via container wall adsorption. Store aliquots at -80°C for extended stability and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which accelerate physical degradation. Working solutions stored at 4°C should be used within 48 to 72 hours to ensure maximum experimental reproducibility.
Acquiring analytical-grade SS-31 with accessible, lot-specific COAs is vital for maintaining compliance and reproducibility in published scientific literature. PX1 Research manufactures all compounds in GMP-compliant facilities within the USA, subjecting every production lot to independent third-party analysis by ISO 17025 accredited testing laboratories.
Principal investigators, laboratory managers, and institutional procurement officers requiring bulk quantities or specialized batch documentation can establish institutional accounts through our bulk lab accounts portal. Every order processed through PX1 Research includes full batch traceability, lot-specific COA documentation, and fast dispatch via same-day shipping (Monday through Friday) from our California and Arizona fulfillment nodes.
What information is included on an official ss31 coa?
An official ss31 coa includes the batch/lot number, date of manufacture, molecular formula, theoretical vs. observed molecular weight via ESI-MS mass spectrometry, RP-HPLC purity chromatograms showing peak area percentages (>99%), LAL endotoxin test results, and residual solvent analysis from an independent third-party ISO 17025 laboratory.
How do I verify the authenticity of an SS-31 COA from PX1 Research?
You can verify authenticity by matching the lot number printed on your physical SS-31 vial to the corresponding COA document available in the PX1 COA lookup portal. Each report includes raw chromatographic data, mass spec spectra, and direct verification details from our independent testing lab.
What is the minimum purity threshold listed on the ss31 coa?
PX1 Research mandates a minimum purity threshold of ≥ 99.0% as determined by RP-HPLC for all research-grade SS-31 lots. Purity levels below 99.0% do not pass our quality assurance standards for laboratory research.
Why is endotoxin testing critical on an SS-31 Certificate of Analysis?
Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) can trigger immune and inflammatory responses in cell cultures and animal tissue models, skewing experimental results. A verified COA ensures endotoxin levels remain below strictly controlled thresholds (< 0.05 EU/mg) for uncompromised in vitro assays.
What mass spectrometry peaks should be visible on an SS-31 COA?
The ESI-MS spectrum should show a dominant mass-to-charge peak corresponding to the protonated molecular weight of SS-31 (monoisotopic mass approximately 639.8 Da, observed as [M+H]+ or multi-charged species), confirming correct amino acid synthesis without deletion sequences.
Can I request a lot-specific SS-31 COA prior to placing an institutional order?
Yes, academic and institutional researchers can request current lot-specific COAs prior to purchase by contacting customer support or accessing documentation via our bulk lab account portal.
How should SS-31 be stored upon delivery to preserve the reported COA specifications?
Lyophilized SS-31 should be stored desiccated at -20°C or -80°C upon receipt. Protect the compound from light and moisture to maintain the purity and activity documented on the original COA.
What diluents are recommended for reconstituting SS-31 for laboratory experiments?
SS-31 reconstitutes readily in sterile bacteriostatic water, sterile normal saline, or PBS (pH 7.4). Solubilization in organic solvents is generally unnecessary due to the hydro-soluble cationic nature of the tetrapeptide.
Where is PX1 Research SS-31 manufactured and tested?
All PX1 Research peptides are manufactured in US-based, GMP-compliant facilities and tested by third-party ISO 17025 accredited analytical laboratories in the United States.
How quickly do orders containing SS-31 and COA documentation ship?
Orders placed before cutoff times ship the same day (Monday through Friday) directly from our CA and AZ warehouse facilities, accompanied by complete digital or physical lot documentation.
All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment or consumption. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.