Peptide Intelligence

A peptide research glossary — clear, educational explanations of how peptides are made, purified, verified, stored, and studied. For research and informational use only.

Step-by-Step Peptide Reconstitution for Researchers
Featured· Lab ProtocolsJune 16, 2026

Step-by-Step Peptide Reconstitution for Researchers

A careful, repeatable protocol for preparing lyophilized research peptides

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Understanding Certificates of Analysis (COA) for Research Peptides
Quality & Testing· June 9, 2026

Understanding Certificates of Analysis (COA) for Research Peptides

How to read purity, identity, and quality data with confidence

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cGMP Peptides Explained: What Good Manufacturing Practice Means for Research
Manufacturing· June 2, 2026

cGMP Peptides Explained: What Good Manufacturing Practice Means for Research

How manufacturing discipline translates into reproducible results

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ISO/IEC 17025 Explained: Accredited Testing for Research Peptides
Quality & Testing· May 26, 2026

ISO/IEC 17025 Explained: Accredited Testing for Research Peptides

Why third-party, accredited analysis raises the bar on quality

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How to Buy Research Peptides Safely
Buyer's Guide· May 19, 2026

How to Buy Research Peptides Safely

A practical checklist for sourcing high-purity, verifiable material

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Peptide Stability & Cold Storage: Maximizing Research Integrity
Lab Protocols· May 12, 2026

Peptide Stability & Cold Storage: Maximizing Research Integrity

Practical handling that keeps lyophilized and reconstituted peptides intact

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Introduction to Peptides: Understanding the Basics of These Powerful Molecules

Understanding the Basics of These Powerful Molecules

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Peptides Manufactured in the USA: Quality, Standards, and Innovation

Quality, Standards, and Innovation

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How Peptides Are Made: An Overview of Modern Manufacturing Methods

An Overview of Modern Manufacturing Methods

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Solubility of Peptides: Best Practices for Dissolving and Preparing Peptides for Research

Best Practices for Dissolving and Preparing Peptides for Research

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How Peptides Are Purified: Techniques and Importance in Research Applications

Techniques and Importance in Research Applications

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Achieving and Verifying Peptide Purity: A Comprehensive Overview

A Comprehensive Overview

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Understanding Peptide Bonds: The Chemistry That Connects Amino Acids

The Chemistry That Connects Amino Acids

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How to Properly Store Peptides: Guidelines for Stability and Longevity

Guidelines for Stability and Longevity

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What Are Research Peptides? Their Role in Scientific Discovery and Future Medicines

Their Role in Scientific Discovery and Future Medicines

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Comparing Peptides and Proteins: Structure, Size, and Biological Function

Structure, Size, and Biological Function

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AOD-9604
Compound Reference

AOD-9604

AOD-9604 is a synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide analog derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone, supplied as a lyophilized research-grade material at ≥99% HPLC purity for laboratory use only.

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ARA-290
Compound Reference

ARA-290

ARA-290 (cibinetide) is a synthetic 11-amino-acid peptide (CAS 1208243-50-8) whose sequence corresponds to a surface region of erythropoietin, supplied as a lyophilized research-grade material at ≥99% HPLC purity for lab

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Bacteriostatic Water vs Sterile Water
Lab Methods

Bacteriostatic Water vs Sterile Water

Reconstituting a lyophilized (freeze-dried) research peptide requires a compatible aqueous diluent, and the two most frequently referenced options in a laboratory setting are Bacteriostatic Water for Injection and Steril

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BPC-157 + TB-500 (Wolverine Blend)
Compound Reference

BPC-157 + TB-500 (Wolverine Blend)

The Wolverine Blend is a research-use-only combination of two synthetic peptides—BPC-157, a 15-amino-acid pentadecapeptide, and TB-500, a 7-amino-acid acetylated fragment—supplied together as a single lyophilized prepara

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BPC-157
Compound Reference

BPC-157

BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid pentadecapeptide (CAS 137525-51-0) supplied as a lyophilized research chemical at ≥99% HPLC purity for laboratory research use only.

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CJC-1295 (NO DAC) + GHRP-6
Compound Reference

CJC-1295 (NO DAC) + GHRP-6

CJC-1295 (No DAC) + GHRP-6 is a two-component research blend combining a modified growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) peptide analog with a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue hexapeptide, supplied as a co-lyophili

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CJC-1295 (NO DAC) + IPAMORELIN
Compound Reference

CJC-1295 (NO DAC) + IPAMORELIN

CJC-1295 (no DAC) + Ipamorelin is a two-component synthetic peptide blend pairing a 29-amino-acid growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog with a 5-amino-acid growth hormone secretagogue, supplied as a lyophilized

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GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)
Compound Reference

GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)

GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide) is a copper(II) coordination complex of the naturally occurring tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (Gly-His-Lys), supplied as a research-grade reference material at >=99% HPLC purity.

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DIHEXA
Compound Reference

DIHEXA

DIHEXA is a synthetic, metabolically stabilized oligopeptide analog derived structurally from angiotensin IV, supplied as a lyophilized research-grade material at ≥99% purity by HPLC for laboratory use only.

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DSIP
Compound Reference

DSIP

DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) is a naturally occurring nonapeptide (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu) originally isolated from the cerebral venous blood of sleeping rabbits, supplied as a research-grade material

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EPITHALON
Compound Reference

EPITHALON

Epithalon (also written Epitalon; AEDG) is a synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator composed of the amino acid sequence Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, supplied as a lyophilized research-grade powder for laboratory use only.

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GLOW MIX
Compound Reference

GLOW MIX

GLOW MIX is a research-grade, multi-component peptide blend supplied as a co-formulated lyophilized preparation intended exclusively for in-vitro laboratory investigation.

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How to Read a Certificate of Analysis (COA)
Lab Methods

How to Read a Certificate of Analysis (COA)

A Certificate of Analysis (COA) is the primary analytical document that accompanies a research chemical and records how a specific production lot performed against a defined set of tests. For peptides supplied for labora

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How HPLC and Mass Spectrometry Verify Peptide Purity
Lab Methods

How HPLC and Mass Spectrometry Verify Peptide Purity

Analytical characterization is the backbone of peptide quality control. When a research-grade peptide is described as "98% pure," that figure is not a marketing claim — it is the output of specific, reproducible instrume

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IGF-1 LR3
Compound Reference

IGF-1 LR3

IGF-1 LR3 (Long R3 IGF-1) is a research-grade recombinant analog of insulin-like growth factor 1, engineered as an 83-residue polypeptide with an arginine-for-glutamate substitution at position 3 and a 13-residue N-termi

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IPAMORELIN
Compound Reference

IPAMORELIN

Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide (Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2) supplied as a lyophilized research-grade material for in-vitro laboratory investigation only.

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KISSPEPTIN-10
Compound Reference

KISSPEPTIN-10

Kisspeptin-10 is a synthetic decapeptide corresponding to the conserved C-terminal fragment of the KISS1 gene-derived kisspeptin family, supplied as a lyophilized research-grade material at ≥99% HPLC purity for laborator

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KLOW BLEND
Compound Reference

KLOW BLEND

KLOW Blend is a lyophilized, multi-component research peptide preparation supplied at ≥99% purity by HPLC, combining several individually catalogued peptides into a single vial intended strictly for in-vitro laboratory r

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KPV
Compound Reference

KPV

KPV is a synthetic tripeptide composed of the amino acids lysine, proline, and valine (Lys-Pro-Val), supplied as a lyophilized research-grade powder for laboratory use only.

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L-GLUTATHIONE
Compound Reference

L-GLUTATHIONE

L-Glutathione (GSH) is a naturally occurring linear tripeptide, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine (CAS 70-18-8), distinguished by an atypical gamma-peptide bond and a redox-active cysteinyl thiol, supplied as a resear

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MELANOTAN-1
Compound Reference

MELANOTAN-1

Melanotan-1 is a synthetic 13-amino-acid peptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), supplied as a lyophilized research-grade solid at ≥99% purity by HPLC for laboratory research use only.

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MELANOTAN-2
Compound Reference

MELANOTAN-2

Melanotan-2 (MT-2) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), supplied as a lyophilized research-grade solid for laboratory use only.

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Melts™ Brain-Fuel Dissolving Strips
Compound Reference

Melts™ Brain-Fuel Dissolving Strips

Melts™ Brain-Fuel Dissolving Strips are a research-use-only, fast-dissolving oral-film format presenting a Japanese Mint–flavored strip matrix, supplied as 30 strips per unit and verified at ≥99% purity by HPLC.

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Melts™ NAD+ Dissolving Strips
Compound Reference

Melts™ NAD+ Dissolving Strips

Melts NAD+ Dissolving Strips are a fast-dissolving thin-film presentation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a naturally occurring dinucleotide coenzyme, supplied as a lemon-flavored 30-strip format for researc

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Melts Pro™ Selank + Semax Dissolving Strips
Compound Reference

Melts Pro™ Selank + Semax Dissolving Strips

Melts Pro™ Selank + Semax Dissolving Strips are a research-use-only oral thin-film format co-formulating two synthetic heptapeptides, Selank and Semax, into 20 ready-to-handle dissolving strips that require no reconstitu

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MOTS-C
Compound Reference

MOTS-C

MOTS-C is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived research peptide (molecular formula C101H152N28O22S2, molecular weight 2174.55) supplied as a lyophilized solid for laboratory research use only.

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NAD+
Compound Reference

NAD+

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is a naturally occurring pyridine dinucleotide coenzyme supplied as a research-grade reference material (CAS 53-84-9; C21H27N7O14P2; MW 663.43). It is offered stric

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P-21
Compound Reference

P-21

P-21 is a synthetic, CNTF-derived hexapeptide (Ac-Asp-Gly-Gly-Leu-Ala-Gly-NH2) supplied as a lyophilized research chemical at ≥99% HPLC purity for laboratory use only.

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PE-22-28
Compound Reference

PE-22-28

PE-22-28 is a synthetic linear heptapeptide (Gly-Val-Ser-Trp-Gly-Leu-Arg) corresponding to the C-terminal 22-28 region of the endogenous propeptide spadin, supplied as a research-grade reference material for laboratory u

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Peptide Storage & Stability Guide
Lab Methods

Peptide Storage & Stability Guide

This guide is a scientific reference for the laboratory storage and handling of research peptides supplied as lyophilized (freeze-dried) powders and, once prepared, as reconstituted solutions. It is intended strictly for

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PINEALON
Compound Reference

PINEALON

Pinealon is a synthetic short-chain peptide bioregulator composed of the tripeptide sequence Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR), supplied as a lyophilized research-grade solid for laboratory use only.

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PROSTAMAX
Compound Reference

PROSTAMAX

Prostamax is a short-chain peptide bioregulator supplied as a lyophilized research-grade material, characterized at ≥99% purity by HPLC with a certificate of analysis available. It is intended strictly for in-vitro labor

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PT-141
Compound Reference

PT-141

PT-141 is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide (CAS 189691-06-3) featuring a side-chain lactam bridge, supplied as a lyophilized research-grade material at ≥99% HPLC purity for laboratory research use only.

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RETATRUTIDE + CAGRILINTIDE
Compound Reference

RETATRUTIDE + CAGRILINTIDE

Retatrutide + Cagrilintide is a co-formulated research combination pairing Retatrutide, a 39-residue GIP/GLP-1/glucagon triple-receptor agonist peptide, with Cagrilintide, a 32-residue long-acting amylin analogue. It is

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RETATRUTIDE (RETA)
Compound Reference

RETATRUTIDE (RETA)

Retatrutide (RETA) is a synthetic 39-amino-acid, lipid-conjugated peptide (CAS 2381089-83-2) classified as a unimolecular GIP/GLP-1/glucagon triple receptor agonist, supplied as a lyophilized research-grade solid at ≥99%

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SELANK NASAL SPRAY
Compound Reference

SELANK NASAL SPRAY

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide (CAS 129954-34-3) with the sequence Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro, supplied here in a nasal spray presentation as a research-grade reference material for laboratory use only.

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SELANK + SEMAX NASAL SPRAY
Compound Reference

SELANK + SEMAX NASAL SPRAY

Selank + Semax Nasal Spray is a research-use-only preparation combining two synthetic heptapeptides — Selank (C33H57N11O9) and Semax (C37H51N9O10S) — supplied for in-vitro and laboratory investigation at ≥99% HPLC purity

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SELANK
Compound Reference

SELANK

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide (sequence Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) supplied as a lyophilized research chemical for laboratory use only. It is a stabilized analog derived from the endogenous tetrapeptide tuftsin, c

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SEMAGLUTIDE
Compound Reference

SEMAGLUTIDE

Semaglutide is a synthetic 31-residue GLP-1 receptor agonist analog (CAS 910463-68-2) carrying an Aib substitution at position 2 and a fatty-diacid side chain at Lys26. It is supplied as a lyophilized research-grade pept

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SEMAX NASAL SPRAY
Compound Reference

SEMAX NASAL SPRAY

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) structurally derived from the ACTH(4-7) fragment, supplied here as a research-grade nasal spray preparation for laboratory use only.

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SEMAX
Compound Reference

SEMAX

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) supplied as a lyophilized research-grade solid for laboratory use only. It carries CAS number 80714-61-0 and a molecular weight of 813.93.

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SERMORELIN
Compound Reference

SERMORELIN

Sermorelin is a synthetic 29-amino-acid peptide amide corresponding to the N-terminal 1-29 fragment of human growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GRF 1-29 NH2), supplied as a research-grade lyophilized powder for laboratory

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SS-31
Compound Reference

SS-31

SS-31 is a synthetic, cell-permeable tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) belonging to the Szeto-Schiller class of aromatic-cationic peptides, supplied as a research-grade material for in-vitro laboratory investigation o

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TB-500
Compound Reference

TB-500

TB-500 is a synthetic seven-residue acetylated peptide corresponding to the active 17-23 fragment of the naturally occurring protein Thymosin β4, supplied as a lyophilized research-grade material for laboratory use only.

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TESAMORELIN + IPAMORELIN
Compound Reference

TESAMORELIN + IPAMORELIN

Tesamorelin + Ipamorelin is a two-component lyophilized research peptide blend pairing a 44-residue GHRH analogue (Tesamorelin) with a pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue (Ipamorelin), supplied for laboratory resear

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TESAMORELIN
Compound Reference

TESAMORELIN

Tesamorelin is a synthetic 44-amino-acid peptide analog of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), supplied as a lyophilized research-grade material at ≥99% HPLC purity for laboratory use only.

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TESTAGEN
Compound Reference

TESTAGEN

TESTAGEN is a synthetic short-peptide bioregulator with the amino acid sequence Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly (KEDG), supplied as a lyophilized powder for laboratory research use only.

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THYMALIN
Compound Reference

THYMALIN

Thymalin (CAS 79621-14-0) is a standardized thymic polypeptide bioregulator complex — a lyophilized fraction of low-molecular-weight peptides rather than a single defined molecule — supplied as a research-grade reference

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THYMOSIN ALPHA-1
Compound Reference

THYMOSIN ALPHA-1

Thymosin Alpha-1 is a synthetic 28-amino-acid, N-terminally acetylated polypeptide (CAS 62304-98-7) supplied as a lyophilized research-grade reference material at ≥99% HPLC purity for laboratory use only.

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TIRZEPATIDE
Compound Reference

TIRZEPATIDE

Tirzepatide is a synthetic 39-amino-acid, lipid-conjugated peptide (CAS 2023788-19-2) engineered as a dual agonist of the GIP and GLP-1 receptors, supplied as a research-grade lyophilized material for laboratory use only

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VESUGEN
Compound Reference

VESUGEN

Vesugen is a synthetic linear tripeptide (L-Lys-L-Glu-L-Asp, "KED") belonging to the Khavinson family of short-peptide bioregulators, supplied as a research-grade material for laboratory use only.

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VILON
Compound Reference

VILON

Vilon is a short synthetic peptide bioregulator consisting of the linear dipeptide L-lysyl-L-glutamic acid (Lys-Glu, "KE"), supplied as a research-grade reference material for in-vitro laboratory study.

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