MOTS-C 50mg — Vial Spec, Reconstitution Math & COA

Overview of the MOTS-C 50mg Vial Specification

A 50mg vial of MOTS-c contains 50 milligrams of pure, lyophilized Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-C peptide as a sterile white cake. This high-density formulation is primarily selected by research laboratories conducting extensive in vitro screens, high-throughput microfluidic assays, or multi-arm rodent studies where consistent lot identity across dozens of test subjects is paramount. Utilizing a single high-mass vial eliminates lot-to-lot variance across an extended experimental series.

While standard single-subject rodent protocols frequently utilize lower mass formats, high-throughput research facilities rely on bulk packaging to streamline preparation protocols. It is important to note that PX1 Research maintains standard catalog offerings in individual 5mg and 10mg vials accessible via our main MOTS-c product page. When specialized, high-mass requests like 50mg are required for institutional projects, custom filling and batch testing can be coordinated through our wholesale laboratory supply program. All formats undergo identical analytical testing standards regardless of total vial mass.

Molecular Identity and Structural Parameters of MOTS-C

MOTS-c is a naturally occurring mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded by a short open reading frame (sORF) within the 12S ribosomal RNA region of the mitochondrial genome. Structurally, it consists of a 16-amino-acid sequence: Met-R-Q-L-L-H-S-I-V-A-P-E-D-D-V-A. With a molecular weight of approximately 2174.6 Da, MOTS-c exhibits unique physicochemical properties, including amphipathic alpha-helical character that influences its solubility and surface-adsorption profile in aqueous laboratory buffers.

In cell culture models and preclinical animal studies, MOTS-c functions as a signaling peptide that translocates from the mitochondria to the nucleus under metabolic stress. Preclinical studies suggest that once in the nucleus, MOTS-c interacts with transcription factors such as NRF2 to regulate nuclear gene expression involved in metabolic homeostasis, oxidative stress response, and cellular fuel selection. To investigate these pathways in your laboratory, explore our full catalog of research compounds in our all peptides directory.

Reconstitution Mathematics for 50mg Lyophilized Mass

Reconstituting a 50mg lyophilized cake requires careful volumetric selection based on the target concentration needed for automated liquid handlers or manual micro-pipetting. Because 50 milligrams is a substantial mass, adding insufficient diluent can result in hyper-viscous solutions or incomplete dissolution. Common diluents include sterile Bacteriostatic Water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) or sterile Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS, pH 7.4) depending on downstream assay requirements.

The mathematical formula for determining final concentration is: Concentration (mg/mL) = Total Mass (50 mg) / Reconstitution Volume (mL). Below are standard volumetric reference calculations for a 50mg MOTS-c vial:

1.0 mL Diluent Addition: 50 mg / 1.0 mL = 50.0 mg/mL (equivalent to 50.0 µg/µL). This high concentration is ideal for low-volume, concentrated stock solutions intended for immediate serial dilution in assay media.

2.0 mL Diluent Addition: 50 mg / 2.0 mL = 25.0 mg/mL (equivalent to 25.0 µg/µL). Provides an easily pipetted stock concentration suitable for medium-throughput screening setups.

3.0 mL Diluent Addition: 50 mg / 3.0 mL = 16.67 mg/mL (equivalent to 16.67 µg/µL). Offers a balanced working concentration that minimizes pipetting error when dispensing small volumetric aliquots.

5.0 mL Diluent Addition: 50 mg / 5.0 mL = 10.0 mg/mL (equivalent to 10.0 µg/µL). A standard decimal concentration that simplifies rapid mathematical conversions during multi-well assay preparation.

To quickly verify custom volumes and calculate specific target concentrations for your laboratory procedures, utilize our interactive reconstitution calculator.

Aliquot Planning, Hydrophobicity, and Degradation Prevention

Once reconstituted, high-concentration MOTS-c stock solutions are vulnerable to secondary structure degradation and surface adsorption if handled improperly. The 16-amino-acid chain contains hydrophobic residues (Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine) that encourage physical attachment to standard hydrophobic plastics like standard polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes. To prevent significant concentration loss, laboratories should utilize low-binding micro-tubes or fluoropolymer vials.

Repeated freeze-thaw cycles rapidly degrade peptide bonds via localized ice crystal formation and pH shifts during phase changes. Therefore, immediately following complete reconstitution of a 50mg vial, the stock solution must be divided into single-use micro-aliquots matched to daily protocol volumes. For example, dividing a 5.0 mL (10 mg/mL) solution into fifty 100 µL aliquots ensures that each working vial is thawed exactly once, preserving structural integrity across multi-week assay schedules.

Storage Stability Standards: Lyophilized vs. Reconstituted

Maintaining proper thermal controls is mandatory for preserving the primary sequence and secondary structure of MOTS-c research compounds. Unopened, lyophilized 50mg vials stored at -20°C maintain structural stability for up to 24 months. For long-term archival storage (>24 months), lyophilized vials should be kept in a desiccated environment at -80°C to completely arrest residual moisture activity.

Reconstituted liquid solutions are far more sensitive. A working stock stored at 2°C to 8°C in a laboratory refrigerator should be analyzed within 48 to 72 hours. For longer storage of reconstituted stock, single-use aliquots must be frozen immediately at -80°C, where they remain stable for up to 3 to 6 months. Exposure to direct light and ambient humidity must be strictly avoided during all handling steps.

Analytical Quality Control: Lot-Matched COA, HPLC, and MS Verification

Every batch of MOTS-c synthesized for PX1 Research undergoes stringent analytical verification in an ISO 17025 accredited laboratory within the USA. Because 50mg formats represent significant laboratory investments, verifying purity and mass identity via official documentation is critical prior to beginning experimental protocols.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is performed on every fill lot to verify chemical purity, ensuring a minimum threshold of ≥98.0%. In tandem, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) verifies the precise molecular mass (2174.6 Da) to confirm the correct 16-amino-acid primary sequence without truncated bypass products. Additionally, USP <85> Bacterial Endotoxin testing using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay ensures endotoxin levels remain below strictly defined laboratory limits (<0.01 EU/µg). Researchers can instantly download verified batch documentation directly from our dedicated COA lookup database.

Preclinical Biological Mechanisms in Metabolic and Exercise Research

In vitro data and rodent models indicate that MOTS-c acts as an endocrine-like mitochondrial signaling factor. Preclinical studies suggest that MOTS-c targets skeletal muscle tissue, where it promotes AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Activation of the AMPK pathway regulates cellular energy sensing, enhancing glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation independently of classical insulin signaling pathways.

In animal models evaluated for exercise capacity and physical endurance, MOTS-c administration demonstrated an ability to reverse age-dependent metabolic decline and improve metabolic flexibility during forced treadmill challenges. Researchers interested in the broader biophysical context of mitochondrial-derived peptides and metabolic signaling pathways can review detailed literature reviews in our comprehensive research article library.

Comparative Analysis: MOTS-C vs. Mitochondrial Peptides (SS-31 and Humanin)

When designing preclinical experiments focused on mitochondrial biology and oxidative stress, researchers often compare MOTS-c with other established mitochondrial research compounds. While MOTS-c specifically regulates nuclear gene expression and systemic metabolic homeostasis via AMPK activation, peptides like SS-31 act primarily as cardiolipin-targeted antioxidants that preserve inner mitochondrial membrane cristae structure and suppress electron transport chain ROS production. Similarly, Humanin—another prominent mitochondrial-derived peptide—operates largely through cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways by binding standard cell-surface receptors. Understanding these distinct mechanistic pathways allows laboratory investigators to select the precise peptide target required for their specific cell line or animal protocol.

Evaluating Packaging Sizes: 5mg / 10mg vs. 50mg Bulk Format

Selecting the appropriate vial mass depends heavily on project scope, pipetting frequency, and storage limitations. While a 50mg vial is cost-effective for automated, high-throughput microfluidic platforms requiring large volumes of identical stock, smaller formats are frequently superior for localized or low-frequency benchwork.

For small-scale pilot studies, cell viability assays, or exploratory western blot protocols, ordering standard 5mg or 10mg vials from our main MOTS-c page prevents excessive reconstituted storage time and minimizes the risk of container degradation. Conversely, institutional core facilities managing multi-subject mouse cohorts over several consecutive weeks benefit from the centralized quality control and reduced lot-variation afforded by high-mass fills.

Ordering Protocols and Standard Operating Compliance for Research Labs

PX1 Research manufactures all research peptides within state-of-the-art, GMP-compliant facilities located in the USA. Orders placed Monday through Friday ship same-day from our distribution centers in California and Arizona, ensuring minimal transit times for sensitive biological reagents.

All materials supplied by PX1 Research—including MOTS-c in 5mg, 10mg, or bulk 50mg specifications—are strictly synthesized and sold for in vitro laboratory testing, analytical method development, and preclinical animal research. They are explicitly not intended for human or veterinary use, clinical administration, diagnostic procedures, or therapeutic application. Laboratory compliance requiring formal quotes or custom batch documentation can be coordinated directly through our technical support staff.