SS-31 60mg — Vial Spec, Reconstitution Math & COA

Overview & Physical Specification: What Is an SS-31 60mg Vial?

A 60mg vial of SS-31 (also recognized in literature as Elamipretide or MTP-131) contains a refined lyophilized powder consisting of 60 milligrams of the synthetic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2). Supplied as a white to off-white cake or crystalline powder, this format is tailored specifically for high-volume research protocols where standard 10mg or 20mg fill sizes would require frequent vial handling and introduce unnecessary inter-assay variability.

Principal investigators and laboratory managers typically order the 60mg format for high-density cellular assays, automated liquid handling systems, and multi-animal preclinical models that demand high molar concentration stock solutions. By consolidating 60 milligrams of high-purity material into a single borosilicate glass vial, laboratories simplify storage, streamline stock solution preparation, and ensure uniform chemical parameters across broad experimental matrices.

To explore the complete range of purity configurations and stock levels, researchers can browse our full catalog of all peptides or consult specific product documentation on our dedicated SS-31 product page.

Reconstitution Mathematics for 60mg Research Vials

Accurate reconstitution of high-mass peptide vials requires precise volumetric calculation to achieve target working stock concentrations. Because a 60mg payload represents a substantial mass of active material, solvent choice and liquid volume dictate the resulting concentration (expressed in mg/mL or µg/µL). Laboratory technicians must account for displacement volume when working at high mass-to-volume ratios.

The fundamental volumetric formula applied during stock preparation is: **Concentration (mg/mL) = Mass (mg) / Diluent Volume (mL)**. Below are standard stock calculations for the SS-31 60mg vial configuration using common laboratory reconstitution volumes:

1. **1.0 mL Diluent Volume:** Yields a high-density stock solution of **60.0 mg/mL** (60.0 µg/µL). This hyper-concentrated stock is suitable for minimal-volume aliquoting into microcentrifuge tubes or automated assay dispensers.

2. **2.0 mL Diluent Volume:** Yields a concentration of **30.0 mg/mL** (30.0 µg/µL). This balanced concentration facilitates precise pipetting with standard 20–200 µL micropipettes while maintaining long-term freezing stability.

3. **3.0 mL Diluent Volume:** Yields a concentration of **20.0 mg/mL** (20.0 µg/µL). This lower-viscosity concentration is optimized for direct addition to cell culture media or multi-well serial dilution series.

For custom concentration calculations, working molarity adjustments, or conversions to micromolar (µM) values, research staff are encouraged to utilize our interactive reconstitution calculator.

Aliquot Planning & Freeze-Thaw Prevention Protocols

Repeated freeze-thaw cycles present a significant hazard to peptide structural integrity, leading to aggregation, peptide bond cleavage, or localized oxidation. When working with a 60mg mass format, preparing a master reconstituted solution that undergoes repeated thermal cycling will degrade the compound over time, compromising experimental reproducibility.

To mitigate degradation, primary stock solutions prepared from a 60mg vial should be immediately aliquoted into single-use, polypropylene low-binding microcentrifuge tubes inside a laminar flow hood. For example, a 60mg vial reconstituted in 3.0 mL of sterile bacteriostatic water yields 30 individual 100 µL aliquots, each containing exactly 2.0 mg of SS-31.

Aliquots intended for usage within 48 to 72 hours may be maintained at 2°C to 8°C under refrigeration. Long-term storage of reconstituted aliquots requires rapid freezing and maintenance at -20°C or -80°C. Once thawed for an assay, unused portions of an aliquot should be discarded rather than re-frozen.

Analytical Quality Control: HPLC, Mass Spectrometry, and COA Verification

In analytical and preclinical research, peptide purity directly governs data reproducibility. PX1 Research enforces rigorous, lot-specific quality control protocols for every batch produced. Prior to release, representative samples undergo full high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) testing in an independent, ISO 17025-accredited laboratory.

HPLC testing verifies chemical purity (ensuring values ≥98%), confirming the absence of truncated sequences, deletion peptides, or synthesis byproducts. Mass spectrometry confirms the exact molecular weight and identity of the SS-31 sequence, matching the theoretical mass of the synthetic tetrapeptide. Furthermore, every batch undergoes bacterial endotoxin testing (LAL assay) to ensure compliance with strict limit thresholds required for sensitive cellular models.

Researchers can inspect authentic, lot-matched analytical documentation directly on our COA lookup page. This verification guarantees that the material received matches the exact purity, chemical identification, and endotoxin profile reported in our analytical archives.

Preclinical Mechanisms: Cardiolipin Binding & Mitochondrial Energetics

In preclinical and in vitro literature, SS-31 is documented as a cell-permeable, mitochondria-targeted peptide that selectively interacts with cardiolipin—a unique polyunsaturated phospholipid localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Preclinical models demonstrate that cardiolipin plays an essential structural role in stabilizing respiratory chain supercomplexes and organizing cristae architecture.

In vitro fluorometric and biophysical assays indicate that SS-31 inserts into cardiolipin-rich membrane domains via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. By binding cardiolipin, the peptide prevents oxidative inhibition of electron transport chain complexes (particularly Complex I and Complex IV) and reduces electron leakage, thereby mitigating excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under experimental stress conditions.

Animal model studies investigating microvascular ischemia, cellular senescence, and muscular fatigue frequently utilize SS-31 to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetics, ATP synthesis capacity, and membrane potential maintenance. Investigations into these structural pathways provide valuable insights for broader cellular biology studies, as cataloged in our comprehensive research library.

Comparative Analysis: SS-31 vs. MOTS-c and Humanin

When evaluating compounds within the mitochondrial research space, investigators frequently compare SS-31 against mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) like MOTS-c and Humanin. While all three targets focus on cellular energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation, their mechanisms of action and molecular targets differ substantially.

SS-31 acts directly on physical membrane structures, targeted explicitly to cardiolipin inside the inner mitochondrial membrane to optimize electron transport efficiency independent of nuclear gene transcription. In contrast, MOTS-c primarily functions as a metabolic signaling molecule, translocating to the cell nucleus during metabolic stress to regulate folate cycle pathway genes and systemic insulin responsiveness in preclinical models.

Humanin operates predominantly as a cytoprotective factor, binding extracellular receptors or intracellular signaling proteins to block apoptotic cascades driven by oxidative stress or amyloid toxicity. Consequently, while MOTS-c and Humanin are ideal for transcriptional and receptor-mediated signaling models, SS-31 remains the benchmark research compound for direct structural and bioenergetic modulation of mitochondrial cristae.

Selecting the Right Fill Size: 60mg vs. Standard Vial Formats

Choosing between a 60mg bulk fill size and smaller standard units (such as 10mg or 50mg vials) depends on the scale, duration, and frequency of planned experimental workflows. Selecting the optimal format prevents compound wastage, controls laboratory budgets, and preserves sample purity.

A 60mg vial format is the optimal choice for high-volume automated screening, longitudinal rodent cohort studies, or multi-center research projects where thousands of culture wells must be treated with identical reagent stock. Consolidating work into a 60mg format minimizes vial opening frequency, reduces packaging waste, and lowers per-milligram reagent acquisition costs.

Conversely, small-scale pilot studies, single-well assay optimizations, or exploratory in vitro trials are better served by lower mass formats (e.g., 10mg vials). Using smaller units prevents unused reconstituted stock from undergoing extended storage, ensuring that fresh compound is reconstituted immediately prior to localized assay execution.

PX1 Research Supply Operations & Catalog Availability

PX1 Research operates dedicated manufacturing and distribution hubs in California and Arizona, ensuring domestic inventory stability and rapid dispatch. Orders processed before cutoff deadlines ship same-day (Monday through Friday), utilizing thermal-controlled packaging to protect freeze-dried peptides during transport.

Regarding the specific 60mg format: If an exact 60mg vial size is currently listed as a custom, high-density allocation or bulk specification, researchers should note that standard catalog options (such as 10mg, 50mg, or alternative unit configurations) are continuously maintained in stock. For laboratories requiring custom fill sizes, standardized bulk allocations, or institutional account setups, detailed options are accessible through our wholesale program.

Every unit shipped—regardless of total vial mass—is synthesized under strict domestic facility protocols, verified via third-party HPLC/MS analysis, and accompanied by fully traceable lot documentation to maintain absolute rigour across all preclinical research applications.