Accessing a verified SS-31 COA is vital for institutional researchers studying mitochondrial bioenergetics, cardiolipin affinity, and electron transport chain integrity. PX1 Research delivers fully characterized, USA-manufactured SS-31 backed by lot-specific RP-HPLC, mass spectrometry, and endotoxin analysis to guarantee rigorous experimental reproducibility.
Accessing a verified SS-31 COA is vital for institutional researchers studying mitochondrial bioenergetics, cardiolipin affinity, and electron transport chain integrity. PX1 Research delivers fully characterized, USA-manufactured SS-31 backed by lot-specific RP-HPLC, mass spectrometry, and endotoxin analysis to guarantee rigorous experimental reproducibility.
An SS-31 COA (Certificate of Analysis) is a lot-specific analytical document verifying the identity, chemical purity, and biological safety profile of the mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide SS-31 (Elamipretide). Verified by independent ISO 17025 laboratories using Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS), an official PX1 Research SS-31 COA confirms peptide purity exceeding 98%, exact molecular mass matching the target sequence, and bacterial endotoxin levels maintained below 0.01 EU/mg.
When acquiring SS-31 60mg for preclinical protocols, examining the analytical certificate ensures that the material is free from synthesis truncation sequences, trifluoroacetate (TFA) excess, and heavy metal contaminants. Principal investigators relying on precise concentration metrics for cell culture assays or isolated mitochondrial preparations require raw chromatographic integration data—not mere summary claims—to ensure target fidelity.
A comprehensive SS-31 COA relies on two primary analytical pillars: Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) for purity assessment and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) for molecular structure verification. RP-HPLC separates the primary peptide sequence from synthesis byproducts, such as incomplete peptide chains, deamidated species, or oxidized side chains. The resulting chromatogram displays a single, sharp major peak, with total peak area integration confirming chromatographic purity.
Mass spectrometry provides unambiguous confirmation of the molecular weight of SS-31 (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2). ESI-MS spectrum analysis identifies the protonated molecular ion species, matching the theoretical monoisotopic mass of approximately 639.80 Da. Researchers reviewing our research library can cross-reference raw spectral output across lots to confirm the absolute structural identity of the synthesized tetrapeptide prior to beginning in vitro assays.
Bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) represent a primary confounding variable in cellular bioenergetic research. High endotoxin levels trigger non-specific inflammatory signaling pathways, altering mitochondrial membrane potential and invalidating metabolic assays. A compliant SS-31 COA must confirm endotoxin quantification via the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay or recombinant Factor C (rFC) testing.
PX1 Research enforces strict bioburden thresholds, requiring endotoxin levels below 0.01 EU/mg for all batches. This rigorous standard guarantees that observations regarding reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction or electron flux are attributable solely to the peptide's interaction with the inner mitochondrial membrane, rather than artifactual immune responses induced by microbial contaminants.
Evaluating research peptide suppliers requires analyzing institutional testing protocols against industry baselines. Standard laboratory chemical suppliers often issue static batch reports or non-traced manufacturer datasheets. PX1 Research executes third-party validation for every single production run, attaching fully traceable analytical documentation to every container.
Key criteria published on every PX1 SS-31 COA include: 100% USA-based synthesis, complete RP-HPLC chromatographic traces showing retention time and peak integration, full-scan ESI-MS spectra, quantitative LAL endotoxin testing, moisture content analysis via Karl Fischer titration, and residual solvent quantification. All orders ship directly from primary distribution facilities in California and Arizona with same-day handling M–F, preventing thermal degradation during transit.
SS-31 (also designated as Szeto-Schiller 31 or Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide designed with an alternating aromatic-cationic motif. Preclinical studies suggest that SS-31 selectively concentrates at the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) through high-affinity electro-static and hydrophobic interactions with cardiolipin, an essential phospholipid exclusive to mitochondrial membranes.
In vitro data indicate that by binding to cardiolipin, SS-31 stabilizes cristae architecture, prevents cardiolipin peroxidation, and optimizes electron transfer through complex I, III, and IV of the electron transport chain. Preclinical models demonstrate that this structural stabilization improves overall ATP production efficiency while concurrently reducing electron leakage and subsequent intracellular oxidative-stress readouts. Researchers investigating general energetic pathways can explore our broader catalog of research peptides for complementary experimental targets.
When designing protocols targeting cellular bioenergetics, investigators often evaluate SS-31 alongside alternative mitochondrial-derived or mitochondria-targeted agents. While SS-31 acts directly on membrane lipid architecture, peptides like MOTS-c 10mg function primarily as metabolic signalers that translocate to the nucleus under stress to regulate nuclear gene expression. Similarly, Humanin 10mg acts through cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic signaling cascades, operating primarily via cell-surface and intracellular receptor interactions.
Understanding these mechanistic distinctions is crucial for experimental design. While MOTS-c and Humanin modulate systemic metabolic signaling, SS-31 acts as a localized structural stabilizer at the IMM. For comparative studies examining cellular energetics, researchers frequently combine these targets or cross-reference findings using specialized resources detailed in our guide to mitochondrial peptides.
Reconstitution of SS-31 for laboratory use requires strict adherence to sterile technique to maintain peptide stability and prevent contamination. Lyophilized SS-31 standard cakes should be reconstituted using sterile Bacteriostatic Water, Sterile Water for Injection, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) depending on downstream assay specifications.
To reconstitute, slowly introduce the chosen solvent along the inner glass wall of the vial, allowing the liquid to saturate the lyophilized cake before gentle manual rotation. Avoid high-shear agitation or vortexing, which can induce physical denaturing or aggregation. Once fully dissolved, stock solutions can be aliquoted into single-use polypropylene microtubes to minimize freeze-thaw degradation cycles.
Lyophilized SS-31 demonstrates exceptional chemical stability when stored in desiccated conditions at -20°C to -80°C, remaining stable for up to 24 months from the date of synthesis. Exposure to moisture, direct ambient light, and room-temperature conditions over extended periods accelerates oxidation of the dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) residue.
Upon reconstitution, liquid stock solutions stored at 4°C should be utilized within 7 to 14 days. For extended experimental timelines, stock solutions held at -80°C remain stable for up to 6 months. PX1 Research packages all compounds in sealed glass vials under inert gas atmospheres, guaranteeing product integrity upon arrival from our CA and AZ dispatch facilities.
Multi-phase institutional trials and high-throughput screening assays require absolute lot-to-lot consistency. Minimal variations in peptide purity or residual TFA salt levels can introduce systemic noise into sensitive respirometry or fluorescence microplate assays. PX1 Research supports large-scale academic and industrial research programs through dedicated enterprise pipelines.
Principal investigators and laboratory managers can utilize our wholesale portal to reserve identical production lots, request custom analytical validation parameters, or obtain archived COA datasets for published study validation. Sourcing through single-lot reservations guarantees identical peptide kinetics across multi-year research projects.
What is an SS-31 COA?
An SS-31 COA (Certificate of Analysis) is a lot-specific quality control document that details the chemical identity, purity, molecular weight, and safety metrics of the tetrapeptide SS-31, verified by independent analytical testing.
How do I read an SS-31 COA from PX1 Research?
Review the RP-HPLC section to check chromatographic purity (which should exceed 98%), examine the mass spectrometry output to confirm the molecular weight matches 639.80 Da, and verify that endotoxin levels are reported below 0.01 EU/mg.
What purity level is guaranteed on the SS-31 COA?
PX1 Research guarantees a minimum chromatographic purity of 98% via RP-HPLC for every lot of SS-31, with many production batches reaching >99% purity.
Why is endotoxin testing included on the SS-31 COA?
Endotoxin testing ensures that the compound is free from lipopolysaccharides, which cause artifactual cell activation and mitochondrial stress responses in cell cultures and isolated tissue assays.
What analytical methods are used to create the SS-31 COA?
PX1 Research utilizes Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) for purity determination, Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) for mass identity, and the LAL assay for endotoxin quantification in ISO 17025 accredited labs.
Does the SS-31 COA show TFA (Trifluoroacetic Acid) content?
Yes, comprehensive analytical testing includes measurement of residual counter-ions, ensuring TFA levels are minimized so as not to affect delicate cellular respirometry assays.
Can I request a lot-specific SS-31 COA prior to placing a bulk order?
Yes, laboratory administrators can contact PX1 Research or submit a request through our wholesale portal to obtain current lot COAs before placing institutional orders.
How should SS-31 be reconstituted based on standard lab protocols?
SS-31 should be reconstituted in sterile water, sterile saline, or standard PBS buffer by gently swirling the vial. Avoid harsh mechanical vortexing to prevent peptide aggregation.
Where is PX1 Research SS-31 synthesized and tested?
All PX1 Research peptides are synthesized in USA-based, GMP-compliant facilities and tested by third-party ISO 17025 accredited analytical laboratories.
What are the storage recommendations for SS-31 once received?
Lyophilized SS-31 should be stored desiccated at -20°C to -80°C for long-term stability. Reconstituted solutions should be aliquoted and kept at -80°C to prevent freeze-thaw degradation.
All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment or consumption. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.