An AOD-9604 Certificate of Analysis (COA) is the definitive analytical document confirming the identity, purity, and safety profile of synthesized Tyr-hGH177-191 for laboratory experimentation. PX1 Research provides batch-specific COAs generated by independent, ISO 17025-accredited laboratories using RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry to guarantee uncompromised reagent quality for preclinical research.
An AOD-9604 Certificate of Analysis (COA) is the definitive analytical document confirming the identity, purity, and safety profile of synthesized Tyr-hGH177-191 for laboratory experimentation. PX1 Research provides batch-specific COAs generated by independent, ISO 17025-accredited laboratories using RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry to guarantee uncompromised reagent quality for preclinical research.
An AOD-9604 Certificate of Analysis (COA) is an official quality assurance document issuing quantitative laboratory test results for a specific batch of the peptide fragment Tyr-hGH177-191. It provides objective, third-party confirmation of chemical identity via Mass Spectrometry (MS), chromatographic purity percentage using Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC), and biological safety parameters such as endotoxin quantification via LAL assay.
For principal investigators and laboratory researchers, evaluating a batch-matched COA is essential before initiating in vitro assays or preclinical animal studies. Relying on unverified reagents introduces experimental noise, variable bioactivity, and potential cell toxicity caused by synthesis side-products or residual counterions. PX1 Research mandates that every batch of AOD-9604 undergoes comprehensive third-party testing, ensuring that researchers receive fully documented, high-purity research compounds synthesized in USA-based, GMP-compliant facilities.
A rigorous Certificate of Analysis for AOD-9604 provides a complete chemical breakdown across several standard analytical vectors. When reviewing a report, laboratory researchers should confirm that the following metrics meet strict Quality Control (QC) parameters:
1. Chromatographic Purity (RP-HPLC): Measures the relative area under the curve (AUC) of the primary AOD-9604 peak relative to chemical impurities, deletion sequences, or truncated peptide fragments. PX1 Research requires an RP-HPLC purity threshold of ≥98.0%.
2. Mass Spectrometry (MS) Identity Verification: Confirms the exact molecular weight of the peptide. The theoretical mass of AOD-9604 (C78H123N23O23S2) is approximately 1815.1 Da. The MS spectrum must show an observed mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) matching this theoretical molecular weight.
3. Bacterial Endotoxin Level: Quantifies lipopolysaccharides (LPS) using a Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) or recombinant Factor C assay. Bio-burden levels must remain below strict research standards (<0.01 EU/mg) to prevent inflammatory artifacts in cellular or animal models.
4. Physical Appearance & Solubility: Documents the visual appearance of the lyophilized cake (white, uniform powder) and confirms rapid reconstitution in standard laboratory buffers.
5. Net Peptide Content: Differentiates total dry weight (which includes residual moisture and counterions like acetate or trifluoroacetate) from actual peptide weight, allowing precise concentration calculations for quantitative assays.
AOD-9604 is a synthetic hexadecapeptide derived from the C-terminus of human growth hormone (hGH), specifically corresponding to amino acid residues 177–191 with an added terminal tyrosine residue at the N-terminus (Tyr-hGH177-191). Its sequence is Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe. A critical structural element verified during chemical analysis is the intramolecular disulfide bridge between Cys7 and Cys14, which maintains the peptide's tertiary conformation and biological stability.
Synthesis of AOD-9604 is conducted via Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS). During SPPS, amino acids are added step-by-step to a resin matrix. If coupling reactions are incomplete, truncated fragments or deletion peptides can form. Analytical tools like RP-HPLC are deployed to separate these structurally similar impurities from the target sequence, ensuring that the final lyophilized compound available in our research peptide directory meets exacting standards.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) operates by separating compounds based on hydrophobic interactions with a stationary phase (typically a C18 silica column). A mobile phase gradient of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% trifluoroacetate (TFA) yields high-resolution separation of AOD-9604 from synthesized impurities. The resulting chromatogram displays a dominant peak corresponding to the target molecule, with minor peaks integrated to determine overall percentage purity.
Mass Spectrometry (MS)—often executed as Electrospray Ionization (ESI-MS) or Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI-TOF)—complements HPLC by confirming identity. While HPLC measures purity based on optical absorbance at 214 nm or 220 nm, MS measures the specific mass-to-charge ratio of the ionized peptide. A valid COA must present both the HPLC chromatogram and the MS spectrum for the specific lot number printed on the vial. Researchers seeking in-depth methodology documentation can explore our broader research library.
Endotoxins are pyrogenic lipopolysaccharides originating from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. During peptide manufacturing, raw materials, water systems, or handling equipment can introduce trace endotoxins. In preclinical cell culture assays or animal studies, excessive endotoxin concentrations trigger Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, inducing non-specific inflammatory cytokine release (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) that skews experimental results.
PX1 Research subjects every batch of synthesized peptides to quantitative kinetic chromogenic LAL testing in an ISO 17025 accredited facility. By verifying endotoxin levels below 0.01 EU/mg, researchers can be confident that downstream cellular responses are attributable strictly to the peptide's mechanism of action rather than bacterial contamination.
In vitro data and rodent models indicate that AOD-9604 retains the lipolytic properties of native human growth hormone without inducing systemic metabolic side effects such as hyperglycemia or insulin resistance. Preclinical literature suggests that the peptide stimulates lipolysis (fat breakdown) and inhibits lipogenesis (fat accumulation) in isolated adipocytes.
Importantly, studies demonstrate that AOD-9604 does not bind directly to the classical growth hormone receptor (GHR), nor does it elevate circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in animal models. Instead, researchers investigate its potential interaction with β3-adrenergic receptor pathways and cartilage matrix metabolism in chondrocyte cell cultures. Detailed biological analyses of these pathways are detailed in our dedicated article on the AOD-9604 lipolysis mechanism.
When designing metabolic or endocrine research protocols, investigators frequently compare AOD-9604 against other synthetic hGH fragments and growth hormone secretagogues. Understanding structural and analytical distinctions between these compounds ensures selection of the correct experimental model.
AOD-9604 is often evaluated alongside HGH Frag 176-191, which shares the core 176–191 sequence of human growth hormone but lacks the stabilizing N-terminal tyrosine modification found in AOD-9604. Unlike growth hormone secretagogues such as Ipamorelin or CJC-1295 No DAC—which act on the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) or GHRH receptor to stimulate endogenous hGH release—AOD-9604 acts as a direct peptide fragment without modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic axis.
To preserve the chemical stability verified in the Certificate of Analysis, proper handling and reconstitution protocols must be followed in the laboratory:
1. Storage of Lyophilized Powder: Store sealed vials of lyophilized AOD-9604 at -20°C or -80°C for long-term stability. Protect from exposure to light and atmospheric moisture.
2. Reconstitution: Equilibrate the vial to room temperature prior to reconstitution to avoid condensation inside the container. Reconstitute using sterile bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) or sterile physiological saline depending on assay requirements.
3. Solubilization Technique: Direct the solvent down the glass wall of the vial rather than dropping it directly onto the lyophilized cake. Gently swirl the vial until dissolved; avoid vigorous shaking or sonication, which can cause protein aggregation or shearing of the disulfide bond.
4. Aliquotting & Working Solutions: Reconstituted solutions should be divided into single-use aliquots and stored at -20°C to minimize freeze-thaw degradation. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles compromise structural integrity and invalidate the initial COA metrics.
At PX1 Research, every batch of AOD-9604 is manufactured in state-of-the-art facilities within the United States adhering to strict Quality Management Systems (QMS). We perform rigorous raw material testing, solid-phase synthesis monitoring, and final purification before subjecting the finished product to third-party verification.
Laboratory clients evaluating compounds for high-throughput screening or institutional research can order directly from our catalog or request custom specifications through our wholesale lab account portal. We provide same-day shipping from our central dispatch hubs in California and Arizona, ensuring fast delivery and uncompromised cold-chain integrity for all research reagents.
What is an AOD-9604 Certificate of Analysis (COA)?
An AOD-9604 Certificate of Analysis (COA) is an official analytical document provided by an independent laboratory detailing the identity, purity (RP-HPLC), molecular mass (MS), and endotoxin limits (LAL) for a specific lot of synthesized peptide.
Where can I find the COA for my specific PX1 Research batch?
Batch-matched COAs are available directly on the PX1 Research product page and can be requested via our support team by referencing the lot number printed on your product vial.
What RP-HPLC purity level is guaranteed for PX1 Research AOD-9604?
PX1 Research guarantees a minimum RP-HPLC purity of ≥98.0% for all batches of AOD-9604, with analytical chromatograms provided on every COA.
What is the theoretical molecular weight of AOD-9604 verified by Mass Spectrometry?
The theoretical molecular weight of AOD-9604 (Tyr-hGH177-191) is approximately 1815.1 Da. Mass Spectrometry testing verifies that the observed m/z ratio corresponds to this mass.
Why is endotoxin testing critical for research peptides?
Bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) induce non-specific inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Low endotoxin levels (<0.01 EU/mg) ensure that observed experimental outcomes are due solely to the peptide rather than bacterial contaminants.
How does AOD-9604 differ structurally from HGH Frag 176-191?
AOD-9604 contains an additional N-terminal tyrosine residue attached to the hGH 177-191 sequence, which enhances metabolic stability compared to unmodified HGH Frag 176-191.
How should AOD-9604 be stored after reconstitution for laboratory research?
After reconstitution in bacteriostatic water or sterile saline, AOD-9604 should be divided into single-use aliquots and stored at -20°C to prevent freeze-thaw degradation and peptide precipitation.
Are PX1 Research peptides intended for human consumption or therapeutic use?
No. All products supplied by PX1 Research, including AOD-9604, are strictly intended for laboratory research and in vitro experimentation. They are not for human or animal consumption, diagnostic, or therapeutic use.
All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment or consumption. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.