Laboratory researchers seeking to buy AOD 9604 require verified purity, lot-specific analytical documentation, and consistent peptide stability. PX1 Research supplies research-grade AOD 9604 synthesized under strict GMP-compliant conditions in USA facilities, fully characterized via RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry for in vitro and preclinical research applications.
Laboratory researchers seeking to buy AOD 9604 require verified purity, lot-specific analytical documentation, and consistent peptide stability. PX1 Research supplies research-grade AOD 9604 synthesized under strict GMP-compliant conditions in USA facilities, fully characterized via RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry for in vitro and preclinical research applications.
When purchasing AOD 9604 for laboratory research, investigators must select suppliers providing lot-specific Certificates of Analysis verified by RP-HPLC and ESI-MS. High-purity AOD 9604 (>99%) supplied by PX1 Research is manufactured in USA-based, GMP-compliant facilities, rigorously screened for endotoxins (<0.01 EU/mg), and prepared specifically for in vitro metabolic assays and preclinical rodent research models.
AOD 9604 is supplied as a lyophilized powder intended strictly for laboratory experimentation. Because minor impurities or peptide fragments can alter receptor interactions and cell assay outcomes, analytical verification is critical prior to initiating study protocols. Qualified institutions and researchers can source AOD 9604 5mg directly from PX1 Research with complete confidence in lot traceability and chemical characterization.
AOD 9604 (Advanced Obesity Drug 9604) is a synthetic hexadecapeptide derived from the C-terminal domain of human growth hormone (hGH). Specifically, it encompasses amino acids 177–191 with an additional tyrosine residue added at the N-terminus to stabilize the peptide chain, yielding the primary sequence Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe (Tyr-hGH177-191).
The molecular formula of AOD 9604 is C78H123N23O23S2, corresponding to a nominal molecular weight of 1815.1 Da. A critical structural feature of this peptide fragment is the intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys7 and Cys14 (corresponding to Cys182 and Cys189 in full-length hGH). This cyclic loop is required to preserve the peptide's tertiary conformation and biological activity in metabolic cell assays.
Unlike intact growth hormone, AOD 9604 lacks the N-terminal functional domains responsible for binding to the classical growth hormone receptor (GHR) and inducing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) transcription. As a result, researchers utilize AOD 9604 in peptide research to isolate lipolytic metabolic pathways without confounding variables such as systemic IGF-1 elevation, cell proliferation signaling, or diabetogenic insulin resistance.
Preclinical investigations into AOD 9604 focus primarily on its lipid metabolic effects in adipocyte cultures and rodent models. In vitro data indicate that AOD 9604 stimulates lipolysis—the hydrolytic cleavage of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol—while simultaneously inhibiting lipogenesis, the pathway governing the synthesis and storage of new fats within adipocytes.
Mechanism-of-action studies in isolated murine and human adipocyte cultures demonstrate that AOD 9604 upregulates β3-adrenergic receptor expression and enhances intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation. Elevated cAMP triggers protein kinase A (PKA) activation, which subsequently phosphorylates hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin. This enzymatic cascade initiates the breakdown of lipid droplets stored within mature fat cells.
Importantly, animal studies involving obese Zucker rats and ob/ob mice suggest that AOD 9604 exerts lipolytic activity without inducing hyperglycemia, altered glucose tolerance, or hyperinsulinemia. Because the compound does not bind to growth hormone receptors with high affinity, preclinical models demonstrate zero stimulation of longitudinal skeletal growth or chondrocyte proliferation, rendering it a selective tool for studying lipid transport and adipose tissue remodeling.
To evaluate lipid metabolism and pituitary signaling pathways effectively, researchers often compare AOD 9604 against other peptides in the somatotropic and lipolytic categories. Understanding these distinctions ensures selection of the correct compound for specific cellular or physiological endpoints.
Below is a comparative breakdown of key peptides evaluated in metabolic research models:
1. AOD 9604: A modified C-terminal hGH fragment (Tyr-hGH177-191) engineered for enhanced stability. Preclinical models demonstrate targeted lipolytic signaling without IGF-1 release or GHR interaction.
2. HGH Fragment 176-191: The unmodified, native C-terminal region of hGH (Leu176–Phe191). While sharing a similar functional lipolytic domain with AOD 9604, it lacks the N-terminal tyrosine residue, which can affect half-life and enzymatic susceptibility in vitro.
3. Ipamorelin: A selective growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR-1a) agonist. Unlike direct hGH fragments, Ipamorelin acts upstream at the pituitary level to stimulate endogenous, pulsatile hGH release.
4. CJC-1295 No DAC: A synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog that binds to GHRH receptors on pituitary somatotrophs, promoting native growth hormone secretion and secondary IGF-1 elevation.
Researchers seeking broader context on secretagogue mechanics can review our detailed analysis on growth hormone secretagogues.
In analytical and cell culture laboratories, AOD 9604 serves as a benchmark reference compound for measuring lipolytic rate kinetics. Common experimental designs include 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation assays, primary rodent epididymal fat pad incubations, and real-time quantitative PCR screening of lipogenic enzyme transcript levels.
A typical in vitro protocol evaluating AOD 9604 involves cultivating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to confluence, inducing differentiation with an adipogenic cocktail, and treating mature, lipid-laden adipocytes with varying concentrations of AOD 9604 (e.g., 10 nM to 1 μM) over a 2 to 24-hour timecourse. Researchers quantify glycerol and free fatty acid accumulation in the culture supernatant using colorimetric or fluorometric enzymatic assays.
Additionally, Western blot analysis of treated cell lysates allows investigators to assess downstream signaling dynamics, including the phosphorylation state of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (p-HSL at Ser563/Ser660) and Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (p-AMPK). These assays clarify whether lipolytic stimulation operates through classic β-adrenergic signaling or alternative metabolic cross-talk.
Rigorous quality control is essential when purchasing peptides for quantitative biological research. Low-grade synthesis products may contain truncated peptide sequences, unreacted coupling reagents, counter-ion residues (such as excess trifluoroacetate), or bacterial endotoxins that invalidate cell culture models.
At PX1 Research, every batch of AOD 9604 undergoes mandatory multi-tiered analytical testing prior to release:
- Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC): Establishes chemical purity profiles. Every lot must demonstrate ≥99.0% chromatographic purity, ensuring minimal sequence variants or degradation products.
- Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS): Confirms exact molecular mass (1815.1 Da) and sequence integrity, verifying the correct structural assembly and disulfide bonding.
- Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Endotoxin Assay: Assesses bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination. PX1 Research enforces strict limits (<0.01 EU/mg) to prevent non-specific inflammatory responses in sensitive cell lines.
Lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (COAs) containing raw HPLC chromatograms and mass spectra are available for every item. Facilities acquiring bulk quantities for extended screening protocols can explore custom procurement options through our wholesale peptide program.
AOD 9604 is delivered as a sterile, lyophilized cake or powder inside sealed glass vials. To preserve peptide stability, correct reconstitution and handling procedures must be followed strictly within the laboratory environment.
Reconstitution Protocol for In Vitro Use:
1. Equilibration: Allow the frozen vial of lyophilized AOD 9604 to equilibrate to room temperature (20°C–25°C) inside a desiccator or biosafety cabinet for 20–30 minutes before reconstitution to minimize atmospheric moisture condensation.
2. Solvent Selection: Reconstitute using sterile, laboratory-grade Bacteriostatic Water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) for multi-use analytical aliquots, or sterile Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS, pH 7.4) or sterile Water for Injection (WFI) for immediate cell culture applications.
3. Reconstitution Procedure: Direct the solvent stream gently against the glass vial wall rather than directly onto the lyophilized powder cake. Gently swirl or roll the vial to facilitate dissolution. Do not vortex vigorously, as mechanical shear forces can cause peptide aggregation or disrupt the disulfide bridge.
4. Aliquoting & Storage: Once fully dissolved, divide the stock solution into single-use microcentrifuge tubes to prevent repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Reconstituted stock solutions remain stable at 2°C–8°C for up to 14 days, or at -80°C for up to 6 months.
Lyophilized AOD 9604 should be stored at -20°C or -80°C upon arrival in a non-frost-free freezer. Under sub-zero storage conditions, desiccated AOD 9604 maintains chemical stability for up to 24 months without measurable degradation.
Exposure to elevated temperatures, light, or atmospheric humidity can lead to peptide oxidation (particularly at the methionine or cysteine residues) or hydrolysis of the amide backbone. PX1 Research packages all peptides in climate-controlled environments and ships products in light-shielded vials to ensure structural stability upon delivery to your research institution.
PX1 Research is a trusted US supplier of high-purity research compounds. Our commitment to analytical precision, domestic manufacturing standards, and transparent documentation sets the industry benchmark for academic and private laboratory suppliers.
Key Supply Chain Advantages:
- USA-Manufactured: Produced in state-of-the-art, GMP-compliant facilities within the United States.
- Verified ISO 17025 Testing: Independent quality verification ensuring chemical identity, purity, and safety.
- Comprehensive Lot Documentation: Accessible third-party COAs with raw HPLC and MS data provided for every lot.
- Rapid Domestic Shipping: Orders ship same-day (Monday through Friday) from dual distribution hubs in California and Arizona, minimizing transit times and thermal exposure.
To learn more about our quality control processes or to order AOD 9604 for your laboratory, explore our full catalog of research peptides or contact our technical support team.
What is AOD 9604 used for in laboratory research?
AOD 9604 is a synthetic hexadecapeptide research compound used in vitro and in animal models to study lipid metabolism, lipolysis pathways, adipocyte differentiation, and beta-3 adrenergic receptor signaling mechanisms.
How does AOD 9604 differ structurally from native Human Growth Hormone (hGH)?
AOD 9604 consists only of the C-terminal amino acids 177–191 of hGH with an added N-terminal tyrosine residue (Tyr-hGH177-191). It lacks the N-terminal growth-promoting domains of full-length hGH, allowing researchers to study lipolytic effects independently of IGF-1 elevation or growth receptor binding.
What purity standard does PX1 Research guarantee when I buy AOD 9604?
PX1 Research guarantees a minimum purity of ≥99.0% for AOD 9604, as determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and confirmed by Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). Each lot includes a downloadable Certificate of Analysis.
Which solvent should be used to reconstitute AOD 9604 for cell culture assays?
For cell culture assays where preservatives must be avoided, sterile Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS, pH 7.4) or sterile Water for Injection (WFI) is recommended. For analytical laboratory applications requiring extended shelf life after reconstitution, sterile Bacteriostatic Water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) may be utilized.
What are the recommended storage conditions for lyophilized AOD 9604?
Lyophilized AOD 9604 should be stored at -20°C or -80°C in a dry environment upon arrival. Sealed vials stored at sub-zero temperatures remain stable for up to 24 months.
Does AOD 9604 elevate serum IGF-1 levels in animal models?
No. Preclinical literature demonstrates that AOD 9604 does not bind to classical growth hormone receptors with high affinity and does not induce systemic IGF-1 expression, making it a selective model for isolated lipolysis research.
How is endotoxin level verified for AOD 9604?
PX1 Research conducts chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) testing on every batch of AOD 9604 to ensure endotoxin content remains strictly below 0.01 EU/mg, preventing baseline cellular toxicity in sensitive in vitro systems.
Can academic institutions purchase AOD 9604 in bulk or custom quantities?
Yes. PX1 Research supports institutional procurement and high-throughput screening projects with bulk ordering options, custom vial sizes, and batch-dedicated quality control documentation through our wholesale portal.
All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment or consumption. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.