Gmp Ss-31 12mg - Pekcura Labs
This technical document evaluates the specifications, molecular mechanisms, and quality parameters of GMP SS-31 12mg formulations. Designed exclusively for laboratory research, SS-31 (Elamipretide) serves as a targeted probe for inner mitochondrial membrane mechanics, cardiolipin stabilization, and cellular bioenergetics.
Quick answer
This technical document evaluates the specifications, molecular mechanisms, and quality parameters of GMP SS-31 12mg formulations. Designed exclusively for laboratory research, SS-31 (Elamipretide) serves as a targeted probe for inner mitochondrial membrane mechanics, cardiolipin stabilization, and cellular bioenergetics.
Key takeaways
- GMP [SS-31](/research-peptides/ss-31) 12mg (Elamipretide) represents a high-purity, mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide formulation manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards.
- [SS-31](/research-peptides/ss-31), also known as Szeto-Schiller peptide 31 or Elamipretide, is a synthetic tetrapeptide featuring the amino acid sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (where Dmt represents 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine).
- The designation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in peptide synthesis indicates that the compound was produced under stringent quality management systems governing facility sanitation, process validation, raw material traceability, and environmental controls.
- In vitro and animal models have broadly documented the effects of [SS-31](/research-peptides/ss-31) across various models of cellular pathology.
Overview of GMP SS-31 12mg Sourcing and Specifications
GMP SS-31 12mg (Elamipretide) represents a high-purity, mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide formulation manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards. Research compounds specified at 12mg from suppliers like Pekcura Labs or PX1 Research are synthesized for in vitro and preclinical research to investigate inner mitochondrial membrane restoration, cardiolipin binding, and cellular ATP production without therapeutic application.
When evaluating suppliers offering gmp ss-31 12mg - pekcura labs or alternative academic-grade providers, research institutions must prioritize structural integrity, lot-to-lot consistency, and analytical validation. Lyophilized SS-31 prepared at a 12mg mass threshold provides an optimal concentration for serial dilution protocols across cell culture and tissue homogenate models.
To ensure precise laboratory reproducibility, PX1 Research supplies research peptides synthesized in GMP-compliant, USA-based facilities. Every batch undergoes rigorous purity testing to guarantee that laboratory investigators receive uncompromised compounds free from synthetic byproducts or bacterial endotoxins.
Molecular Structure and Mechanism of Action
SS-31, also known as Szeto-Schiller peptide 31 or Elamipretide, is a synthetic tetrapeptide featuring the amino acid sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (where Dmt represents 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine). Unlike conventional non-targeted antioxidants, SS-31 possesses an alternating aromatic-cationic motif that allows it to freely penetrate cell membranes and selectively concentrate at the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM).
Preclinical studies suggest that the primary molecular target of SS-31 is cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid concentrated exclusively within the IMM. Cardiolipin is essential for maintaining cristae curvature, organizing respiratory chain supercomplexes, and anchoring cytochrome c. In vitro data indicate that SS-31 binds electrostatically and hydrophobically to cardiolipin, preventing its oxidative degradation by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
By stabilizing cardiolipin-protein complexes, SS-31 optimizes electron transport chain (ETC) efficiency, reduces electron leak at Complexes I and III, and supports mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). These structural interactions help restore ATP synthesis under conditions of simulated metabolic stress or ischemia in preclinical assays.
GMP Manufacturing Standards vs. Analytical Synthetic Standards
The designation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in peptide synthesis indicates that the compound was produced under stringent quality management systems governing facility sanitation, process validation, raw material traceability, and environmental controls. For research compounds like SS-31 12mg, maintaining GMP-compliant procedures prevents batch-to-batch variation that could otherwise confound sensitive cell signaling or genomic assays.
Comparative evaluations of catalog products, such as those listed under gmp ss-31 12mg - pekcura labs or independent research suppliers, highlight the necessity of verified documentation. While standard research-grade peptides may lack comprehensive batch tracing, high-tier suppliers ensure every 12mg vial is produced in ISO-certified infrastructure.
PX1 Research enforces strict quality protocols across its product catalog, utilizing USA-manufactured facilities operating under ISO 17025 and GMP-compliant frameworks. Investigators requiring reliable mitochondrial research peptides can verify these parameters through publicly accessible, lot-specific document archives.
Preclinical Research Findings in Mitochondrial Models
In vitro and animal models have broadly documented the effects of SS-31 across various models of cellular pathology. In rodent models of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, administration of SS-31 prior to or during reperfusion demonstrated significant protection against mitochondrial swelling, cristae loss, and subsequent tubular cell apoptosis.
In cardiovascular research models, preclinical studies suggest that SS-31 preserves myocardial mitochondrial function during acute ischemic events. By preventing cardiolipin peroxidation, the peptide maintains cytochrome c retention within the inner membrane, inhibiting the activation of caspase-3 and downstream apoptotic cascades in isolated cardiomyocytes.
Furthermore, neurodegenerative cell models exposed to neurotoxic stressors show preserved mitochondrial dynamics when pretreated with SS-31. In vitro assays reveal that maintaining cardiolipin integrity helps balance mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins (such as OPA1 and DRP1), mitigating premature organelle fragmentation.
Comparative Class Analysis: SS-31, MOTS-c, and Humanin
Mitochondrial targeting compounds fall into distinct biochemical classes based on their origin, structure, and direct binding partners. SS-31 is a synthetic peptide engineered specifically for membrane-lipid interaction, whereas mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) like MOTS-c and Humanin are naturally encoded within the mitochondrial genome and act primarily via metabolic signaling pathways.
While SS-31 directly binds cardiolipin to maintain structural integrity and prevent electron leakage, MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress to regulate nuclear gene expression involved in glucose homeostasis. Similarly, Humanin exerts cytoprotective effects through interaction with cell-surface receptors and intracellular signaling cascades.
Evaluating these compounds side-by-side in research workflows allows investigators to delineate direct physical membrane stabilization from systemic metabolic signaling. For laboratories focused on structural membrane dynamics, the SS-31 12mg research peptide provides a specialized tool distinct from transcriptomic MDP modulators.
Reconstitution, Handling, and In Vitro Solubilization Protocols
Lyophilized SS-31 12mg appears as a dense, white-to-off-white cake or powder. For optimal stability, the un-reconstituted vial should be stored in a freezer at -20°C or -80°C, protected from moisture and light. Prior to opening, vials should be allowed to equilibrate to room temperature to prevent condensation from introducing moisture into the cake.
Reconstitution for laboratory testing should be performed using sterile, endotoxin-free water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). Due to its hydrophilic cationic structure, SS-31 rapidly dissolves in aqueous solutions without requiring organic co-solvents such as DMSO.
Once reconstituted, working stock solutions should be divided into single-use experimental aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can cause peptide degradation. Aliquots stored at -80°C remain stable for extended research series, while working dilutions in culture media should be prepared immediately prior to assay execution.
Quality Control Verification: RP-HPLC, Mass Spectrometry, and Endotoxin Testing
Rigorous analytical validation is critical when procuring research peptides. Every lot of SS-31 must undergo Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) to establish chemical purity, alongside Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) to verify molecular weight (expected monoisotopic mass ~639.8 Da).
In addition to purity metrics exceeding 98%, endotoxin quantification is essential for cell culture and tissue-based assays. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can trigger non-specific inflammatory signaling in vitro, confounding experimental observations. Standard quality metrics require endotoxin levels to test below 0.01 EU/mg, verified via Chromogenic LAL (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) assays.
PX1 Research provides an independent, third-party Certificate of Analysis (COA) with every lot shipped. This documentation confirms exact HPLC purity percentages, MS mass identity, and endotoxin assay results, ensuring institutional buyers receive fully characterized compounds.
Institutional Procurement and Logistics
Principal investigators and laboratory managers evaluating suppliers—whether reviewing gmp ss-31 12mg - pekcura labs listings or sourcing directly from established American analytical facilities—require transparent supply chains and rapid fulfillment. Disruptions in material availability can compromise longitudinal study timelines.
PX1 Research supports institutional procurement through flexible fulfillment frameworks, including bulk institutional accounts for high-volume screening programs. Orders placed Monday through Friday ship same-day from distribution centers located in California and Arizona, ensuring cold-chain integrity and minimal transit duration.
By maintaining strict adherence to laboratory-only distribution, analytical purity verification, and cGMP-compliant production standards, PX1 Research delivers reference-grade materials designed for non-clinical scientific discovery across the global research community.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary target of SS-31 in laboratory research?
SS-31 selectively targets cardiolipin, an essential phospholipid located exclusively on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Preclinical research demonstrates that SS-31 binds cardiolipin to stabilize mitochondrial cristae structure and improve electron transport chain efficiency.
How does SS-31 12mg compare between Pekcura Labs and PX1 Research?
While both identifiers refer to the SS-31 (Elamipretide) sequence at a 12mg mass, PX1 Research ensures that every lot is manufactured in USA-based, GMP-compliant facilities and accompanied by an independent, third-party ISO 17025 Certificate of Analysis verifying HPLC purity, MS identity, and endotoxin levels.
What solvent should be used to reconstitute lyophilized SS-31 for in vitro assays?
Lyophilized SS-31 is highly water-soluble due to its cationic tetrapeptide structure. It should be reconstituted using sterile, endotoxin-free water or sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) under a laminar flow hood.
What are the recommended storage conditions for SS-31 12mg?
Unopened lyophilized vials should be stored at -20°C or -80°C. Following reconstitution, liquid aliquots should be frozen at -80°C to prevent degradation, avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Is SS-31 suitable for human administration or therapeutic use?
No. SS-31 supplied by PX1 Research is strictly a research chemical intended exclusively for in vitro and laboratory experimental applications. It is not approved for human or animal therapeutic, diagnostic, or clinical use.
How is the purity of PX1 Research SS-31 verified?
Purity is verified through Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) to ensure ≥98% purity, combined with Mass Spectrometry (MS) for sequence verification and Chromogenic LAL testing to confirm endotoxin levels below 0.01 EU/mg.
How does SS-31 differ from mitochondrial peptides like MOTS-c?
SS-31 is a synthetic, membrane-active tetrapeptide that physically binds cardiolipin to protect membrane structure. MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA that regulates nuclear transcription factors involved in metabolic pathways.
What shipping options are available for institutional peptide orders?
PX1 Research provides same-day dispatch for orders placed Monday through Friday before cut-off times, shipping directly from facilities in California and Arizona to support academic and commercial research timelines.
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All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment or consumption. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.