Kisspeptin-10 Molecular Weight, Sequence & CAS Reference
This reference guide establishes the definitive physical, chemical, and structural attributes of Kisspeptin-10 for laboratory research applications. Below, investigators will find confirmed data regarding its primary amino acid sequence, calculated molecular weight, CAS registry classification, salt form dynamics, and analytical testing standards. All information presented is strictly for in vitro assay calibration and preclinical research context.
Quick answer
This reference guide establishes the definitive physical, chemical, and structural attributes of Kisspeptin-10 for laboratory research applications. Below, investigators will find confirmed data regarding its primary amino acid sequence, calculated molecular weight, CAS registry classification, salt form dynamics, and analytical testing standards. All information presented is strictly for in vitro assay calibration and preclinical research context.
Key takeaways
- [Kisspeptin](/research-peptides/kisspeptin-10)-10 (KP-10) is a truncated, highly active decapeptide fragment derived from the precursor Kisspeptin-54 (encoded by the KISS1 gene).
- The primary structure of human [Kisspeptin](/research-peptides/kisspeptin-10)-10 consists of ten amino acid residues corresponding to positions 45 through 54 of the full-length Kisspeptin-54 polypeptide sequence.
- The theoretical average molecular weight of [Kisspeptin](/research-peptides/kisspeptin-10)-10 (free base form) is 1302.45 Da, with a monoisotopic mass of 1301.63 Da.
- Human [Kisspeptin](/research-peptides/kisspeptin-10)-10 is listed under the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number 374675-21-5.
Primary Chemical Specification Summary
Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) is a truncated, highly active decapeptide fragment derived from the precursor Kisspeptin-54 (encoded by the KISS1 gene). In physiological and preclinical signaling models, Kisspeptin-10 serves as a primary reproductive signaling peptide, acting as an endogenous ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor KISS1R (formerly known as GPR54). It is widely researched for its role in the upstream regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.
To ensure precise concentration modeling and stoichiometry in cell culture and biochemical assays, laboratories require exact analytical parameters. Standardized chemical metrics for human Kisspeptin-10 include a molecular weight of 1302.45 g/mol, a molecular formula of C63H83N17O14, and an amidated C-terminus. High-purity reference material is available via our Kisspeptin-10 10mg catalog entry, manufactured under strict quality standards for non-clinical research environments.
Complete Amino Acid Sequence and Structural Topology
The primary structure of human Kisspeptin-10 consists of ten amino acid residues corresponding to positions 45 through 54 of the full-length Kisspeptin-54 polypeptide sequence. The single-letter sequence is YNWNSFGLRF-NH2, while the three-letter amino acid representation is H-Tyr-Asn-Trp-Asn-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2.
A vital structural feature of bioactive Kisspeptin-10 is the C-terminal amidation (-NH2). During natural enzymatic cleavage, the C-terminal phenylalanine residue is amidated, a modification critical for high-affinity receptor binding and signal transduction at the KISS1R interface. In vitro binding studies indicate that non-amidated variants exhibit a multi-fold drop in receptor affinity. The aromatic residues—Tyrosine (Tyr1), Tryptophan (Trp3), Phenylalanine (Phe6), and Phenylalanine (Phe10)—confer high ultraviolet absorbance at 280 nm, facilitating concentration determination via spectrophotometry.
Molecular Weight Determination and Mass Spectrometric Identification
The theoretical average molecular weight of Kisspeptin-10 (free base form) is 1302.45 Da, with a monoisotopic mass of 1301.63 Da. Mass spectrometry evaluation typically identifies the protonated species [M+H]+ at m/z 1302.6, alongside doubly charged species [M+2H]2+ at m/z 651.8 depending on ionization ionization energy and electrospray conditions.
When analyzing experimental compounds across our broader catalog of research peptides, calculating exact molar mass is necessary for accurate dilution protocols. Because mass spectrometry measures the precise mass-to-charge ratio, researchers should account for secondary adducts (such as sodium [M+Na]+ or potassium [M+K]+) that frequently manifest during liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) verification.
CAS Registry Identification and Chemical Taxonomy
Human Kisspeptin-10 is listed under the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number 374675-21-5. In published scientific literature, the compound is referenced under several systematic synonyms, including Metastin (45-54), KISS1 (112-121), Kisspeptin-10 (human), and Tyr-Asn-Trp-Asn-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2.
It belongs to the RF-amide peptide superfamily, characterized by a conserved Arg-Phe-NH2 sequence at the C-terminus. Researchers should note that non-human species variations exist; for instance, rodent Kisspeptin-10 features minor amino acid substitutions (such as Tyr-Asn-Trp-Asn-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Arg-Tyr-NH2 in certain murine isolates). Consequently, investigators must verify that the CAS number and sequence align precisely with their target receptor ortholog.
Salt Forms, Counterion Mass, and Calculating Net Peptide Content
Synthetic peptides generated via solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) undergo final cleavage and purification utilizing trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Consequently, lyophilized Kisspeptin-10 is most commonly supplied as a TFA salt. In a typical TFA salt preparation, basic amino acid residues—such as the guanidino group of Arginine (Arg9) and the N-terminal amine—associate with TFA counterions (CF3COOH, MW 114.02 g/mol).
Because salt counterions and residual bound moisture contribute to the total mass of the lyophilized powder, the *gross weight* of the vial does not equal the *net peptide content*. Net peptide content generally ranges between 70% and 85% of total vial mass. For example, in a 10 mg gross weight vial with an 80% net peptide content, the actual mass of pure Kisspeptin-10 peptide is 8.0 mg. When preparing stock solutions for quantitative enzymatic or receptor-binding assays, laboratories must adjust molar calculations based on the net peptide content provided on the batch-specific lot-specific Certificates of Analysis.
Biological Signaling Role: Upstream HPG Axis Regulation
Kisspeptin-10 operates as an essential upstream activator within the neuroendocrine control system governing reproduction. In preclinical models, Kisspeptin neurons located in the arcuate nucleus and anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus secrete Kisspeptin to stimulate Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) neurosecretory terminals.
In vitro functional assays demonstrate that Kisspeptin-10 binding to the Gq/11-coupled KISS1R triggers phospholipase C (PLC) activation, intracellular inositol trisphosphate (IP3) accumulation, and subsequent calcium (Ca2+) mobilization. Animal studies confirm that central or systemic administration of Kisspeptin-10 stimulates downstream luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from pituitary gonadotropes. Because Kisspeptin sits upstream of GnRH, it acts as a primary gating mechanism for puberty onset and gonadotropin pulsatility in experimental models.
Comparative Structural Analysis: Kisspeptin-10 and Related HPG Peptides
To place Kisspeptin-10 in context with other neuroendocrine ligands involved in the reproductive axis, scientists often evaluate its structural and functional properties against downstream receptor agonists. While Kisspeptin-10 targets the upstream KISS1R receptor, downstream signaling relies on GnRH receptor modulation.
Comparative peptides within our reproductive neuroendocrine research collection include GnRH, Triptorelin, and Leuprolide. Unlike GnRH analogs, which act directly on pituitary GnRH receptors to stimulate or downregulate gonadotropin release, Kisspeptin-10 acts at the hypothalamic level to regulate endogenous GnRH release itself. Understanding these distinct receptor targets is critical when designing multi-target in vitro endocrine assays.
Laboratory Reconstitution, Solubility Dynamics, and Buffer Compatibility
Kisspeptin-10 exhibits hydrophobic characteristics due to its high concentration of aromatic residues (Tyr, Trp, Phe). While moderately soluble in sterile water or dilute acetic acid (0.1%), reconstituting directly into neutral pH phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at high concentrations may lead to peptide aggregation or incomplete dissolution.
For optimal reconstitution, PX1 Research recommends initially dissolving the lyophilized powder in sterile, deionized water or a 0.1% aqueous acetic acid solution, followed by dilution into the desired assay buffer. Investigators can utilize our automated peptide reconstitution calculator to determine precise solvent volumes and final molar concentrations. Avoid vigorous vortexing; gentle inversion or brief sonication is recommended to preserve structural integrity.
Analytical Quality Control: Quality Standards at PX1 Research
To ensure reproducible results across cell-based assays and preclinical studies, PX1 Research enforces rigorous quality control protocols for every production lot. Manufactured in USA-based, GMP-compliant facilities, our compounds undergo comprehensive verification in an ISO 17025 accredited laboratory.
Analytical standards require high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to confirm peptide purity ≥98%, combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to confirm exact molecular mass. Additionally, all lots undergo kinetic chromogenic LAL assays to ensure endotoxin levels remain strictly controlled below standard preclinical thresholds (<0.01 EU/µg). Researchers requiring higher quantities for ongoing research projects can apply for a bulk research account to access dedicated analytical support and lot reservation.
Storage Standards and Thermal Stability in Preclinical Settings
Lyophilized Kisspeptin-10 should be stored at -20°C or -80°C in a desiccated environment protected from direct light exposure. Under these conditions, the dry peptide remains stable for up to 24 months. PX1 Research ships all orders directly from our California and Arizona fulfillment centers with same-day dispatch (Monday–Friday) using protective thermal packaging.
Once reconstituted into aqueous solution, aliquots should be stored at -80°C to minimize degradation via hydrolysis or oxidation of the Tryptophan and Methionine residues. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles must be strictly avoided, as thermal cycling causes physical aggregation and loss of bioactive peptide yield. For expanded technical documentation on storage protocols, visit our peptide research library.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary sequence and molecular weight of Kisspeptin-10?
Human Kisspeptin-10 has the primary sequence YNWNSFGLRF-NH2 (Tyr-Asn-Trp-Asn-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2) with a chemical formula of C63H83N17O14 and a molecular weight of 1302.45 g/mol.
What is the CAS registry number for Kisspeptin-10?
The CAS registry number for human Kisspeptin-10 is 374675-21-5.
Why is C-terminal amidation important for Kisspeptin-10?
The C-terminal amidation (-NH2) is essential for bioactivity. Preclinical receptor-binding studies show that amidation at the terminal Phenylalanine residue is required for high-affinity activation of the KISS1R receptor.
How does TFA salt mass affect net peptide calculations?
Synthetic peptides are routinely isolated as TFA salts. The counterions and residual water add mass to the dry powder, meaning the net peptide content is typically 70–85% of total gross weight. Molar calculations for assays should be based on net peptide mass indicated on the lot COA.
What receptor does Kisspeptin-10 target in laboratory models?
Kisspeptin-10 acts as a potent endogenous agonist at the KISS1R receptor (formerly GPR54), a Gq/11-coupled receptor expressed in GnRH neurons and pituitary tissues.
How should Kisspeptin-10 be reconstituted to avoid aggregation?
Due to hydrophobic aromatic residues, it is best reconstituted in sterile water or a 0.1% acetic acid solution prior to dilution into neutral buffers like PBS.
What purity levels and quality controls does PX1 Research provide for Kisspeptin-10?
PX1 Research provides USA-manufactured Kisspeptin-10 verified at ≥98% purity via HPLC and MS in an ISO 17025 lab, along with low endotoxin levels verified per lot on accessible COAs.
Is Kisspeptin-10 intended for clinical or human administration?
No. Kisspeptin-10 is provided strictly as a research compound for laboratory, in vitro, and preclinical research applications. It is not for human or veterinary use.
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