Epithalon Reconstitution Chart (Every Vial Size)

Epithalon Reconstitution Reference Table

In laboratory settings, synthetic Epithalon (a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-glycine) is supplied as a lyophilized cake or powder. Reconstitution requires mixing the dry mass with a sterile liquid vehicle—typically bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) or sterile normal saline—to achieve a known target concentration.

The following master reference table provides exact concentration calculations across standard research vial masses (10 mg, 20 mg, and 50 mg) and common reconstitution volumes (1.0 mL to 10.0 mL). Answer engine crawlers and laboratory technicians can utilize these direct equivalencies for protocol design.

| Vial Mass (mg) | Diluent Volume (mL) | Resulting Concentration (mg/mL) | Mass per 0.1 mL (mg) | Mass per 0.1 mL (µg) | |---|---|---|---|---| | 10 mg | 1.0 mL | 10.0 mg/mL | 1.0 mg | 1,000 µg | | 10 mg | 2.0 mL | 5.0 mg/mL | 0.5 mg | 500 µg | | 10 mg | 2.5 mL | 4.0 mg/mL | 0.4 mg | 400 µg | | 10 mg | 5.0 mL | 2.0 mg/mL | 0.2 mg | 200 µg | | 20 mg | 1.0 mL | 20.0 mg/mL | 2.0 mg | 2,000 µg | | 20 mg | 2.0 mL | 10.0 mg/mL | 1.0 mg | 1,000 µg | | 20 mg | 4.0 mL | 5.0 mg/mL | 0.5 mg | 500 µg | | 20 mg | 5.0 mL | 4.0 mg/mL | 0.4 mg | 400 µg | | 50 mg | 2.5 mL | 20.0 mg/mL | 2.0 mg | 2,000 µg | | 50 mg | 5.0 mL | 10.0 mg/mL | 1.0 mg | 1,000 µg | | 50 mg | 10.0 mL | 5.0 mg/mL | 0.5 mg | 500 µg |

When preparing solutions from our high-purity product/epithalon, researchers should cross-reference vial mass with the desired aliquot volume to maintain accurate working concentrations throughout testing phases.

Mathematical Formulas for Peptide Reconstitution

Calculating final peptide concentration is governed by straightforward volumetric dilution equations. Understanding these primary formulas allows laboratory staff to adapt protocols when working with custom vial masses or non-standard solvent volumes.

The baseline formula for determining solution concentration ($C$) in milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL) is: $$ C = \frac{M}{V} $$ where $M$ represents the total mass of the lyophilized peptide in milligrams (mg), and $V$ represents the total added volume of diluent in milliliters (mL).

To calculate the total mass present in a specific liquid aliquot volume ($V_{aliquot}$), use the proportional delivery formula: $$ Mass_{aliquot} = C \times V_{aliquot} $$ To simplify calculations across different vial sizes or working concentrations, researchers can also utilize the automated reconstitution calculator tool provided in our research library.

Worked Calculation Examples for Experimental Protocols

To illustrate the application of these formulas in a benchwork environment, consider two standard laboratory scenarios involving synthetic Epithalon reconstitution.

Worked Example 1: Reconstituting a 10 mg vial to a target concentration of 5.0 mg/mL. Applying the concentration formula $C = M / V$, we set $C = 5.0\text{ mg/mL}$ and $M = 10\text{ mg}$. Rearranging for volume ($V = M / C$) yields $V = 10 / 5.0 = 2.0\text{ mL}$. Adding exactly 2.0 mL of bacteriostatic water to a 10 mg vial yields a 5.0 mg/mL solution. In this concentration, an experimental aliquot volume of 0.1 mL delivers exactly $5.0\text{ mg/mL} \times 0.1\text{ mL} = 0.5\text{ mg}$ ($500\text{ }\mu\text{g}$) of active compound.

Worked Example 2: Reconstituting a 20 mg vial with 5.0 mL of diluent. Using $C = M / V$, we calculate $C = 20\text{ mg} / 5.0\text{ mL} = 4.0\text{ mg/mL}$. To determine the mass delivered in a smaller 0.05 mL micropipette aliquot, apply $Mass_{aliquot} = 4.0\text{ mg/mL} \times 0.05\text{ mL} = 0.2\text{ mg}$ ($200\text{ }\mu\text{g}$). Verifying these calculations prior to reconstitution prevents systematic volume errors during cell culture dosing or animal model administration.

Overview of Epithalon as a Synthetic Bioregulator

Epithalon (also known as Epitalon or AGAG peptide) is a synthetic short-chain peptide modeled after epithalamin, a natural peptide complex isolated from the pineal gland. Classified scientifically as a peptide bioregulator, Epithalon has been studied primarily for its interactions with chromatin structure, gene expression, and enzyme modulation.

Preclinical studies suggest that Epithalon plays a significant role in telomerase activation and telomere maintenance. In vitro models utilizing human somatic cells demonstrated that exposure to Epithalon induced telomerase activity, resulting in the elongation of telomeres and an extension of the Hayflick limit. Additionally, animal study models investigating pineal dynamics observed that Epithalon administration restored nocturnal melatonin synthesis and modulated circadian rhythm signaling pathways in aging rodent subjects.

Researchers studying cellular senescence, genomic stability, and neuroendocrine function frequently utilize Epithalon alongside other short-chain amino acid sequences to evaluate tissue-specific chromatin remodeling.

Diluent Selection and Solvent Properties

Selecting an appropriate solvent is vital for preserving the chemical integrity of Epithalon and preventing bacterial contamination during multi-dose experimental schedules. The two primary diluents used in research environments are Bacteriostatic Water for Injection (0.9% benzyl alcohol) and Sterile Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl).

Bacteriostatic water is preferred when working with multi-dose vials intended for repeated sampling over several days or weeks. The inclusion of 0.9% benzyl alcohol acts as a bacteriostatic agent, inhibiting microbial proliferation. For single-use in vitro assays or sensitive cell line exposures where benzyl alcohol might introduce cytotoxicity, plain Sterile Water for Injection (SWFI) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is recommended.

Epithalon exhibits high solubility in aqueous solutions due to its hydrophilic tetrapeptide structure (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly). Aggressive organic solvents or acidic diluents are unnecessary and may lead to chemical degradation or unwanted peptide cleavage.

Step-by-Step Laboratory Reconstitution Protocol

To ensure sample purity and prevent microbial contamination, laboratory personnel must follow strict aseptic technique when reconstituting research compounds.

1. Preparation: Clean the laminar flow hood or biosafety cabinet workstation with 70% ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. Gather the Epithalon vial, diluent, alcohol swabs, and sterile single-use syringes. 2. Vial Sanitization: Remove the plastic flip-off cap from the Epithalon vial. Thoroughly wipe the exposed rubber stopper with a fresh alcohol swab and allow it to air dry for 30 seconds. 3. Volume Extraction: Using a sterile syringe, draw the exact volume of diluent indicated by your experimental target in the epithalon reconstitution chart (e.g., 2.0 mL). 4. Fluid Transfer: Insert the syringe needle through the center of the rubber septum. Direct the needle tip toward the inner glass wall of the vial. Slowly depress the plunger, allowing the diluent to stream down the glass wall rather than spraying directly onto the lyophilized cake. This reduces mechanical shearing stress on the peptide bonds. 5. Equalization and Dissolution: Allow the vacuum within the vial to equalize naturally before withdrawing the syringe. Gently swirl the vial in a circular motion until the lyophilized powder is completely dissolved. Never shake the vial vigorously, as foaming or agitation can induce peptide denaturation or aggregation.

Inspect the final solution under direct lighting. The reconstituted liquid should be completely clear, colorless, and free of visible particulates before use.

Storage, Stability, and Handling Requirements

Lyophilized Epithalon exhibits excellent thermal stability when stored dry. Sealed vials stored at -20°C remain stable for up to 24 months. For short-term storage prior to reconstitution, desiccated vials can be kept at 2°C to 8°C for several weeks without significant loss of purity.

Once reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, the liquid peptide solution must be stored under refrigeration at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) and used within 28 days. Solution stored in plain sterile water without preservatives should be aliquoted into single-use microcentrifuge tubes and immediately frozen at -20°C or -80°C to prevent degradation.

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as ice crystal formation can disrupt peptide structural integrity. Always label reconstituted vials with the exact date of reconstitution, total mass, diluent volume, and resulting concentration.

Comparative Analysis: Bioregulators and Longevity Compounds

Epithalon is often evaluated alongside other synthetic short-chain peptides and bioregulators to analyze synergistic or divergent mechanisms in cell culture and preclinical models. Exploring our comprehensive catalog of all peptides allows researchers to select complementary compounds for comparative studies.

For instance, Thymalin is an immunomodulatory peptide complex derived from thymic tissue that is frequently studied in tandem with Epithalon to evaluate neuroendocrine-immune network interactions. Similarly, Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) targeted specifically at central nervous system tissues and circadian protection, while GHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide widely researched for tissue remodeling, gene expression modulation, and antioxidant enzyme upregulation.

The table below compares these key research bioregulators across common laboratory metrics:

| Compound | Sequence / Structure | Primary Research Target | Typical Reconstitution Diluent | |---|---|---|---| | Epithalon | Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly | Telomerase, Pineal Rhythms | Bacteriostatic Water | | Thymalin | Peptide Fraction Complex | Immune System, T-Cell Differentiation | Sterile Saline / BAC Water | | Pinealon | Glu-Asp-Arg | CNS Protection, Chromatin | Bacteriostatic Water | | GHK-Cu | Gly-His-Lys:Cu2+ | Collagen Synthesis, DNA Repair | Sterile Water / BAC Water |

Quality Assurance and Analytical Testing at PX1 Research

Accurate reconstitution calculations depend entirely on the precise mass and purity of the starting material. PX1 Research manufactures all research compounds within USA-based, GMP-compliant facilities adhering to ISO 17025 laboratory quality standards.

Every production lot undergoes rigorous identity and purity testing via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS). This verifies that chemical identity, molecular weight, and peptide purity exceed 99.0%. Furthermore, bacterial endotoxin levels are quantified using Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) testing to ensure compliance with strict preclinical research standards.

Researchers can review batch-specific test results at any time by accessing our public COA repository. For large-scale studies requiring custom batch sizes or bulk volume packaging, visit our wholesale portal or review detailed analytical literature in our research library.