MOTS-C 10mg — Vial Spec, Reconstitution Math & COA
A 10mg vial of MOTS-C contains highly purified, lyophilized mitochondrial-derived peptide formulated specifically for in vitro assays and preclinical animal models. Designed for high-throughput laboratories investigating metabolic homeostasis, cellular stress responses, and physical endurance pathways, this unit size provides ample peptide mass for multi-assay protocols. PX1 Research delivers laboratory-grade MOTS-C synthesized in USA-based, GMP-compliant facilities with lot-matched analytical verification.
Quick answer
A 10mg vial of MOTS-C contains highly purified, lyophilized mitochondrial-derived peptide formulated specifically for in vitro assays and preclinical animal models. Designed for high-throughput laboratories investigating metabolic homeostasis, cellular stress responses, and physical endurance pathways, this unit size provides ample peptide mass for multi-assay protocols. PX1 Research delivers laboratory-grade MOTS-C synthesized in USA-based, GMP-compliant facilities with lot-matched analytical verification.
Key takeaways
- A standard 10mg vial of [MOTS-C](/research-peptides/mots-c) (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-C) supplies 10 milligrams of solid, vacuum-sealed lyophilized peptide cake.
- [MOTS-C](/research-peptides/mots-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA locus, placing it in the novel class of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs).
- Accurate reconstitution is vital to maintaining exact target concentrations during quantitative assay preparation.
- To preserve the structural integrity of the 16-amino-acid chain, initial dissolution must be handled gently.
Vial Specifications and High-Throughput Laboratory Utilization
A standard 10mg vial of MOTS-C (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-C) supplies 10 milligrams of solid, vacuum-sealed lyophilized peptide cake. This unit mass is engineered primarily for high-throughput research settings, multi-animal rodent cohorts, or extended cell culture treatment series where smaller unit sizes would necessitate frequent reconstitution events. Principal investigators and laboratory technicians select the 10mg mass specification to maintain batch-to-batch consistency across prolonged experimental timelines while reducing reagent handling overhead.
When purchasing from PX1 Research, each 10mg vial is manufactured under strict ISO 17025 and GMP-compliant conditions in USA-based facilities. The lyophilized matrix contains no fillers, additives, or preservation agents that could confound downstream metabolic assays or biochemical signaling studies. To evaluate current stock availability or to review standardized mass options across our entire product line, researchers can consult our complete all-peptides directory or inspect individual formulation details on our primary MOTS-C product page.
Biological Class and Preclinical Mechanisms of MOTS-C
MOTS-C is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA locus, placing it in the novel class of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs). Unlike nuclear-encoded regulatory factors, MDPs act as retrograde signaling molecules that communicate mitochondrial energetic status directly to the nuclear genome. Preclinical research indicates that under conditions of metabolic stress or exercise-mimicking stimuli, MOTS-C translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus to regulate gene transcription involved in glucose utilization and lipid oxidation.
In vitro data demonstrate that MOTS-C activation leads to the phosphorylation and activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central controller of cellular energy balance. Rodent models investigating metabolic regulation show that administration of synthetic MOTS-C enhances systemic insulin sensitivity, promotes fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle tissue, and increases physical endurance during forced treadmill testing. These properties make the compound a valuable tool for laboratory investigations focused on metabolic dysfunction, age-related decline, and cellular bioenergetics.
Reconstitution Mathematics for 10mg Lyophilized Mass
Accurate reconstitution is vital to maintaining exact target concentrations during quantitative assay preparation. Reconstituting 10mg of solid peptide requires calculating the final concentration (C = m / V) based on the precise volume of diluent introduced through the rubber septum. Researchers typically utilize bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) for multi-dose laboratory storage or sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for immediate cell culture applications.
For a standard 10mg MOTS-C vial, introducing 1.0 mL of liquid diluent yields a final concentration of 10.0 mg/mL (10.0 µg/µL). Introducing 2.0 mL of diluent reduces the concentration to 5.0 mg/mL (5.0 µg/µL), while adding 3.0 mL yields approximately 3.33 mg/mL (3.33 µg/µL). To streamline diluent calculations across varying mass quantities and custom target concentrations, laboratory personnel are encouraged to utilize our automated reconstitution calculator prior to solvent introduction.
Aliquot Protocol, Solubilization & Long-Term Stability
To preserve the structural integrity of the 16-amino-acid chain, initial dissolution must be handled gently. Diluent should be directed down the glass inner wall of the vial rather than sprayed directly onto the peptide cake. Gentle swirl mixing is recommended; high-shear vortexing or vigorous shaking can induce protein shearing, aggregation, or precipitation out of solution.
Reconstituted MOTS-C displays temperature-dependent degradation over time. Once dissolved in bacteriostatic water, working solutions stored at 2°C to 8°C should be utilized within 14 to 21 days. For long-term preservation across extended research protocols, the stock solution should be aliquoted into sterile, low-binding microcentrifuge tubes (e.g., 50 µL to 200 µL working volumes) and stored at -20°C or -80°C. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles must be rigorously avoided, as phase changes degrade peptide potency and promote structural denaturation.
Analytical Certificate of Analysis (COA) Verification
Every production lot of MOTS-C produced for PX1 Research undergoes rigorous third-party analytical verification before release to academic and commercial facilities. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is employed to confirm chemical purity, establishing that the peptide peak constitutes ≥98.0% of total integrated UV absorbance. Mass Spectrometry (MS) confirms the exact molecular mass (1222.47 Da) to guarantee correct sequence assembly without truncated sequence contaminants.
In addition to purity and identity testing, every fill size undergoes chromogenic LAL assay testing to verify that bacterial endotoxin levels remain strictly below <0.1 EU/mg. Researchers can independently verify batch-specific data by accessing our central COA database, cross-referencing the lot number printed directly on the vial label with our published analytical certificates.
Comparative Analysis: MOTS-C vs. Related Mitochondrial Compounds
When designing protocols focused on cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial efficiency, or metabolic performance, researchers frequently compare MOTS-C against other established research compounds in the same mechanistic domain. Understanding the distinct molecular targets of each agent allows laboratories to select the optimal peptide or synthesize comparative multi-arm studies within our dedicated research hub.
While MOTS-C operates via retrograde nuclear translocation and AMPK pathway activation, the mitochondrial-targeted tetrapeptide SS-31 selectively binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing electron leak and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, Humanin—the founding member of the MDP family—acts primarily as a cytoprotective factor through interaction with cell-surface receptors and Bax inhibition, making it distinct from MOTS-C's direct transcriptional regulation of metabolic pathways. For research projects targeting pure AMPK activation independent of mitochondrial-derived peptide pathways, laboratories often evaluate the small-molecule activator AICAR.
Catalog Options: Choosing Between 10mg and Alternate Fill Sizes
Selecting the appropriate vial mass depends on experiment scale, working solution stability, and overall budgetary considerations. While a 10mg vial offers optimal cost-per-milligram efficiency for large-scale rodent cohorts or high-density cell culture plates, smaller fill sizes (such as 2mg or 5mg vials) may be preferable for small pilot studies where total volume usage is low, minimizing the risk of storing reconstituted liquid over extended durations.
PX1 Research maintains diverse manufacturing runs to support dynamic laboratory requirements. If a specific 10mg SKU is currently listed out of stock or reserved for custom institutional orders, laboratories can navigate to our dedicated MOTS-C product page to view immediately available unit sizes or secure alternative batch allocations without interrupting trial timelines.
Cold-Chain Logistics, Packaging Integrity & USA Manufacturing
Peptide integrity begins long before laboratory reconstitution. PX1 Research synthesizes all compounds in domestic, GMP-compliant facilities within the USA. Lyophilized MOTS-C is packaged under an inert argon atmosphere within USP Type I borosilicate glass vials, capped with fluorocarbon-coated butyl stoppers and crimped with aluminum seals to prevent moisture ingress and oxidation.
Orders are dispatched directly from our primary distribution hubs in California and Arizona. Utilizing same-day shipping for orders placed Monday through Friday before cut-off times, PX1 minimizes ambient thermal exposure during transit. Although lyophilized MOTS-C demonstrates short-term temperature stability at room temperature, all shipments are packed with thermal insulation to ensure arrival at optimal baseline temperatures for immediate laboratory refrigeration.
Institutional Procurement and Institutional Support
For universities, contract research organizations (CROs), and biotechnology firms conducting large-scale preclinical trials, PX1 Research provides streamlined B2B ordering pathways. Bulk peptide mass requirements, customized fill packaging, and dedicated batch reservation can be arranged through our wholesale program.
Institutional accounts receive direct access to dedicated account managers, custom volume tiers, and lot-reservation protocols that ensure all phases of a multi-year study utilize identical, lot-matched synthesis runs. Contact our technical support team to request custom analytical documentation or to set up formal procurement profiles for your organization.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the exact mass contained in a MOTS-C 10mg vial?
Each vial contains 10.0 milligrams of high-purity (≥98%) lyophilized MOTS-C peptide cake, free of fillers or bacteriostatic agents, formatted specifically for laboratory research use.
What volume of diluent is recommended for reconstituting 10mg of MOTS-C?
Diluent volume depends on your required target working concentration. Adding 1.0 mL yields a 10 mg/mL concentration; 2.0 mL yields 5 mg/mL; 3.0 mL yields 3.33 mg/mL. Precision adjustments can be computed using our online reconstitution calculator.
How should reconstituted MOTS-C be stored in the lab?
Once dissolved in bacteriostatic water, liquid MOTS-C should be kept refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C for short-term use (up to 21 days). For longer storage, aliquot into single-use microcentrifuge tubes and freeze at -20°C or -80°C to prevent freeze-thaw degradation.
What solvents are suitable for cellular or animal model assays?
Bacteriostatic water is standard for multi-use analytical stock. For in vitro cell culture or sensitive animal models where benzyl alcohol is contraindicated, sterile 0.9% sodium chloride or sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) should be used.
How does PX1 Research verify the purity and endotoxin content of MOTS-C?
Every lot is tested in an ISO 17025 accredited laboratory using HPLC for purity verification (≥98.0%), Mass Spectrometry for sequence identity, and chromogenic LAL testing to ensure endotoxin levels remain strictly under <0.1 EU/mg.
Is MOTS-C 10mg intended for human therapeutic use or clinical trials?
No. MOTS-C provided by PX1 Research is strictly classified as a research compound intended solely for in vitro laboratory assays and preclinical animal research. It is not approved for human or veterinary administration, medical treatment, or clinical diagnostics.
Where does PX1 Research manufacture and ship MOTS-C vials?
All PX1 Research peptides are manufactured in USA-based, GMP-compliant facilities and shipped directly from fulfillment centers in California and Arizona with same-day dispatch available Monday through Friday.
What should I do if the 10mg size is temporarily out of stock?
If the 10mg vial size is temporarily unavailable, check our primary MOTS-C product catalog page for alternate mass configurations (such as 2mg or 5mg vials) or contact our support team to inquire about incoming batch completions.
Related pages
All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment or consumption. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.