MOTS-C 15mg — Vial Spec, Reconstitution Math & COA

15mg Fill Mass Overview & Laboratory Target Applications

The 15mg MOTS-C specification is primarily selected by research laboratories executing high-density assay screening, automated cell culture protocols, or multi-animal rodent cohorts. MOTS-C (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome rather than the nuclear genome. Because preclinical investigations often require sustained administration across cellular models to observe changes in metabolic regulation, mitochondrial respiration, and energy homeostasis, maintaining a single, homogeneous 15mg lot prevents batch-to-batch analytical drift.

While a 15mg vial offers distinct logistical advantages for high-volume research, availability can vary based on production cycles. Principal investigators seeking to source this compound should review our dedicated MOTS-C product page to verify current fill size availability, including standard 5mg or 10mg options, or consult our broader catalog of all research peptides for institutional inventory planning. PX1 Research synthesizes all compounds in domestic, GMP-compliant facilities to guarantee strict quality standards regardless of fill volume.

Physicochemical Profile & Primary Research Focus Areas

MOTS-C is classified as a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) that plays a regulatory role in cellular energy balance and metabolic flexibility. Structurally, it consists of the sequence Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg (MW: ~2174.6 g/mol). Preclinical research indicates that MOTS-C translocates to the nucleus under conditions of metabolic stress, where it interacts with specific response elements to regulate gene expression associated with glucose metabolism and lipid oxidation.

In vitro data suggest that MOTS-C directly influences the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. By activating AMPK, the peptide promotes glucose uptake independent of classical insulin pathways in skeletal muscle cell lines. Furthermore, animal studies demonstrate that MOTS-C administration in mouse models of metabolic dysfunction leads to improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced exercise capacity, and reduced systemic fat accumulation. Researchers utilize the 15mg mass specification to maintain precise, uniform concentration gradients across extended culture media treatments.

Exact Reconstitution Math for 15mg MOTS-C Vials

Accurate solubilization of a 15mg lyophilized cake requires calculating the resulting concentration based on the volume of diluent added. Reconstitution should be performed using sterile Bacteriostatic Water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) for multi-use laboratory applications or sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride for acute in vitro media preparations. The target concentration determines the precision of volumetric pipetting during experimental setup.

Below are the primary concentration ratios for a 15mg vial based on standard diluent volumes:

• 1.0 mL Diluent Addition: 15.0 mg / 1.0 mL = 15.0 mg/mL (15.0 µg/µL). This high-concentration stock is ideal for creating concentrated stock aliquots reserved for frozen storage.

• 2.0 mL Diluent Addition: 15.0 mg / 2.0 mL = 7.5 mg/mL (7.5 µg/µL). A standard working concentration that balances volumetric accuracy with low solution viscosity.

• 3.0 mL Diluent Addition: 15.0 mg / 3.0 mL = 5.0 mg/mL (5.0 µg/µL). Highly practical for working directly with micro-plate wells requiring precise micro-gram dosing without sub-microliter pipetting error.

To calculate custom concentration volumes or adjust for specific molarity calculations in buffer media, researchers should utilize our automated reconstitution calculator tool.

Step-by-Step Laboratory Reconstitution Protocol

Reconstitution must be conducted within a certified Class II laminar flow hood using strict aseptic technique. Standard operating procedures dictate allowing the sealed vial to reach room temperature (20°C to 25°C) prior to liquid introduction to prevent condensation contamination inside the stopper.

1. Decontaminate the rubber septum using a 70% isopropyl alcohol wipe and allow it to air-dry completely. 2. Using a sterile syringe fitted with a low-dead-volume 21G–25G needle, draw the exact pre-calculated volume of diluent (e.g., 2.0 mL of Bacteriostatic Water). 3. Insert the needle at a 45-degree angle through the septum, aiming the fluid stream down the interior glass wall of the vial. Never direct the diluent stream directly onto the lyophilized cake to prevent peptide denaturation. 4. Allow the diluent to fully submerge the powder. Gently swirl the vial in a circular motion. Do not shake or vortex the vial, as mechanical shear stress can disrupt peptide secondary structures. 5. Inspect the solution visually. A fully dissolved sample must appear clear, colorless, and free of undissolved particulate matter.

Aliquot Planning and Storage Stability Standards

Because peptides in aqueous solution undergo slow hydrolysis over time, proper aliquot planning is critical for preserving sample integrity. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles significantly accelerate molecular degradation, leading to lost biological potency in cell culture models.

Once reconstituted, the 15mg stock solution should be immediately divided into single-use micro-centrifuge tubes (e.g., 50 µL to 200 µL per tube) using low-protein-binding polypropylene vials. Store working liquid stock short-term at 2°C to 8°C for no more than 7 to 14 days when formulated with Bacteriostatic Water. For long-term preservation up to 12 months, flash-freeze the prepared aliquots in liquid nitrogen and store them at -80°C (or -20°C in a non-frost-free freezer). Frozen aliquots should be thawed slowly on ice immediately before application to culture systems or animal assay media.

Analytical Quality Standards: Lot-Matched COA Verification

PX1 Research enforces strict quality control parameters for every lot of MOTS-C produced. Each fill batch undergoes rigorous testing by independent ISO 17025 accredited laboratories located in the United States. We do not rely on manufacturer self-reporting; every batch is verified independently prior to inventory placement.

A lot-matched Certificate of Analysis (COA) is provided for every shipment and can be retrieved directly through our COA lookup portal. The COA confirms key analytical metrics:

• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Confirms chemical purity equal to or exceeding 98.0%. The chromatogram displays clear retention times with minimal peak area dedicated to synthetic impurities. • Mass Spectrometry (MS): Verifies exact molecular mass (~2174.6 Da), confirming correct amino acid sequence identity without truncation. • Endotoxin Testing: Assayed via Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) testing to ensure endotoxin levels remain below 0.01 EU/mg, preventing unspecific inflammatory responses in cellular assays.

All manufacturing occurs in GMP-compliant facilities within the United States, guaranteeing full compliance with physical, chemical, and microbiological purity requirements.

Comparative Analysis: MOTS-C vs. Related Metabolic & Mitochondrial Peptides

When designing preclinical protocols investigating energy expenditure, mitochondrial biogenesis, or cellular aging, researchers often compare MOTS-C against other mitochondrial-targeted compounds. Selecting the appropriate research candidate depends on the specific enzymatic or signaling cascade under investigation.

For instance, Humanin is another mitochondria-derived peptide primary studied for its cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in neurodegenerative and metabolic research. While MOTS-C primarily targets nuclear gene expression and AMPK activation, Humanin exhibits broader cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress. Similarly, SS-31 (Elamipretide) operates via a distinct physical mechanism by selectively binding to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, optimizing electron transport chain efficiency and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

In non-peptidic metabolic pathways, researchers often evaluate MOTS-C alongside compounds like GW501516 (Cardarine), a PPAR-δ receptor agonist investigated for lipid oxidation and endurance-related transcriptional changes. While GW501516 operates through nuclear receptor agonism, MOTS-C provides a unique endogenously derived peptide framework for mitochondrial-to-nuclear signaling research.

Selecting the Right Specification: 5mg, 10mg, or 15mg Fills

Choosing between different vial sizes depends on protocol design, reagent throughput, and experimental timelines. The table below outlines how laboratory teams evaluate optimal fill mass selection:

• 5mg Vials: Best suited for pilot studies, acute in vitro assays, or initial solubility testing where long-term aqueous storage is unnecessary, minimizing reagent waste.

• 10mg Vials: Ideal for standard rodent dosing cohorts (e.g., 2–4 week studies) where moderate working volumes are required without exceeding liquid stability limits.

• 15mg Vials: Optimized for high-throughput laboratory screening, multi-plate cellular assays, or large-scale comparative research. It offers maximum cost-efficiency per milligram and ensures uniform concentration across broad test groups.

If your protocol requires alternative mass configurations or custom purity grades, PX1 Research provides flexible options. Learn more about institutional bulk sourcing on our wholesale accounts page or explore our full research library via the PX1 research hub.

Fulfillment, Logistics & Laboratory Storage Compliance

To maintain peptide integrity from synthesis to receipt, PX1 Research dispatches all orders from centralized logistics nodes in California and Arizona. Orders placed Monday through Friday before cut-off times ship same-day via expedited courier services, ensuring temperature stability during transit.

Upon arrival at the receiving facility, unpack the sealed vial packaging and inspect the tamper-evident seals. Lyophilized MOTS-C powder should be transferred immediately to controlled cold storage at -20°C. Stored under desiccated, sub-zero conditions, the un-reconstituted powder retains full analytical stability for up to 24 months. Never expose lyophilized vials to direct sunlight, elevated ambient temperatures, or excessive humidity prior to reconstitution.