Qualified investigators looking to purchase MOTS-c for laboratory applications require analytical clarity, precise lot traceability, and verified sequence integrity. PX1 Research supplies synthesis-grade MOTS-c manufactured in domestic GMP-compliant facilities to support advanced cellular, metabolic, and mitochondrial research.
Qualified investigators looking to purchase MOTS-c for laboratory applications require analytical clarity, precise lot traceability, and verified sequence integrity. PX1 Research supplies synthesis-grade MOTS-c manufactured in domestic GMP-compliant facilities to support advanced cellular, metabolic, and mitochondrial research.
When purchasing MOTS-c for laboratory research, investigators must source from vendors providing fully verified analytical standards. PX1 Research provides USA-manufactured MOTS-c featuring documented high purity (>99%) verified via RP-HPLC and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Every batch includes a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) detailing identity, purity, and endotoxin parameters for reproducible preclinical experimentation.
Researchers seeking to evaluate mitochondrial signaling, bioenergetics, and metabolic regulation can purchase MOTS-c directly through PX1 Research. As a specialized supplier serving academic institutions, biotechnology firms, and independent research facilities, PX1 Research maintains strict batch control to eliminate variations that could compromise cellular assays or animal models. To browse our full biological target catalog, explore our complete selection of research peptides.
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c) is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome rather than the nuclear DNA. Identified as a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), MOTS-c represents a unique signaling molecule that mediates communication between the mitochondria and the cell nucleus during metabolic perturbations.
The primary sequence of MOTS-c (Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg) allows it to undergo stress-induced nuclear translocation. In response to metabolic signals or energetic deprivation, preclinical models demonstrate that MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus where it binds to specific response elements, interacting with transcription factors such as NRF2 to regulate adaptive gene expression. Detailed structural analyses are documented in our guide to MOTS-c mitochondrial mechanisms.
In vitro data and rodent models have established MOTS-c as a key regulator of systemic metabolic homeostasis. In vitro assays demonstrate that MOTS-c acts primarily through the activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular energy balance. Upon AMPK phosphorylation, downstream signaling cascades promote enhanced glucose utilization, cellular respiration, and fatty acid oxidation.
In animal studies involving high-fat diet rodent models, administration of MOTS-c has been observed to attenuate weight gain, improve insulin sensitivity, and stimulate glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in skeletal muscle tissue. Furthermore, preclinical exercise-capacity research suggests that MOTS-c administration enhances physical performance, aerobic capacity, and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice, making it a critical focus for laboratories investigating metabolic health, skeletal muscle bioenergetics, and age-related physiological decline.
Mitochondrial-targeted compounds operate through distinct pathways to influence cellular respiration, ROS management, and metabolic flux. When designing comparative studies, investigators often evaluate MOTS-c alongside other mitochondrial-derived or cardiolipin-targeted peptides to isolate specific mechanisms of action.
While MOTS-c acts via AMPK activation and nuclear translocation to modulate metabolic gene expression, compounds such as SS-31 target the inner mitochondrial membrane directly, binding to cardiolipin to optimize electron transport chain efficiency and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, Humanin—the first discovered mitochondrial-derived peptide—exhibits cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic signaling rather than direct metabolic switch activation. Laboratories investigating broader tissue repair mechanisms may also integrate compounds like BPC-157 into multi-pathway comparative frameworks available in our comprehensive research hub.
To ensure valid experimental outcomes, researchers must demand full analytical transparency prior to procuring peptides. The presence of truncation sequences, unreacted amino acid precursors, or residual synthesis reagents can distort receptor binding kinetics and cell culture toxicity assays.
PX1 Research enforces strict quality assurance protocols for every lot. Product purity is quantified using Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC), ensuring a baseline purity exceeding 99%. Identity is unequivocally confirmed through Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS), verifying that the observed molecular weight matches the theoretical mass of MOTS-c. Every order is paired with a lot-traceable COA issued by an independent ISO 17025 accredited laboratory.
Bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) represent a significant confounding variable in cellular biology and in vivo studies. High endotoxin levels trigger non-specific inflammatory responses via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways, skewing cytokine expression profiles and rendering metabolic measurements invalid.
PX1 Research conducts quantitative Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) endotoxin testing on all peptide batches. Our research compounds maintain endotoxin levels well below standard threshold limits (<0.1 EU/mg), ensuring that observed cellular responses are attributable strictly to the peptide under investigation rather than pyrogenic contaminants.
MOTS-c is supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder to maintain chemical stability during transport and long-term storage. For optimal shelf life, unopened vials should be stored at -20°C or -80°C in a desiccated environment, protected from light exposure.
Reconstitution should be performed under a laminar flow hood using sterile, laboratory-grade solvents. For standard in vitro assays, reconstitution in sterile Bacteriostatic Water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) is recommended. If solubility challenges occur due to sequence hydrophobic properties, initial solubilization in a minimal volume of sterile DMSO followed by dilution in culture media or buffer is an established protocol. Aliquotting the reconstituted solution into single-use working volumes minimizes freeze-thaw cycles, preventing peptide degradation.
Experimental schedules depend heavily on consistent, reliable vendor lead times. PX1 Research operates domestic manufacturing and fulfillment operations based entirely within the United States. Orders are dispatched from facilities in California and Arizona, providing rapid standard shipping across North America.
Orders placed Monday through Friday prior to cutoff times qualify for same-day dispatch. For institutional procurement departments, university laboratories, and commercial R&D teams requiring high-volume supplies, PX1 Research provides dedicated wholesale accounts with tiered volume fulfillment and reserved lot allocations to support long-term, multi-phase study designs.
Where can I purchase MOTS-c for laboratory research?
MOTS-c can be purchased directly from PX1 Research. We provide synthesis-grade MOTS-c (>99% HPLC purity) manufactured in the USA, supported by lot-specific COAs, mass spectrometry validation, and endotoxin assays.
What is the purity level of PX1 Research MOTS-c?
PX1 Research guarantees a minimum purity of 99% for MOTS-c, verified by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS).
How is MOTS-c handled and reconstituted in a laboratory setting?
Lyophilized MOTS-c should be reconstituted using sterile Bacteriostatic Water or sterile PBS under a sterile laminar flow hood. Once dissolved, the solution should be aliquoted into single-use vials and stored at -20°C or -80°C to prevent degradation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
What primary signaling pathways does MOTS-c activate in preclinical studies?
Preclinical studies indicate that MOTS-c primarily activates the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress, and interacts with NRF2 to regulate genes involved in glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis.
Are batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (COAs) provided?
Yes. Every order of MOTS-c from PX1 Research includes access to a lot-specific COA generated by an independent ISO 17025 accredited laboratory, confirming purity, monoisotopic mass, and endotoxin metrics.
What are the endotoxin limits for PX1 Research MOTS-c?
All MOTS-c batches undergo LAL assay testing to verify low endotoxin levels (<0.1 EU/mg), ensuring suitability for sensitive cell culture and animal model applications.
Is MOTS-c approved for human clinical use or personal consumption?
No. MOTS-c supplied by PX1 Research is strictly designated for in vitro, preclinical, and laboratory research use only. It is not intended for human or veterinary use, medical diagnosis, or therapeutic administration.
Where does PX1 Research ship MOTS-c from?
PX1 Research dispatches all orders from facilities located in California and Arizona, offering same-day shipping Monday through Friday for fast, reliable delivery.
All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment or consumption. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.