SLU-PP-332 Molecular Weight, Sequence & CAS Reference

Introduction to SLU-PP-332 Chemical Profile

SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small-molecule agonist targeting the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family, with high selectivity for ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ isoforms. Frequently cataloged alongside synthetic peptides and metabolic research compounds within our all-peptides inventory, SLU-PP-332 has gained prominent scientific interest in preclinical investigations examining skeletal muscle energetics, mitochondrial biogenesis, and cellular oxidative capacity.

Establishing exact chemical parameters—including molecular weight, empirical formula, CAS identifier, and counterion presence—is critical for analytical chemists and laboratory personnel preparing quantitative assays. Precision in accounting for target molarity ensures reproducibility in cell culture systems, spectrophotometric analyses, and enzymatic assays.

Molecular Weight, Empirical Formula, and Chemical Structure

Unlike classic bio-active peptides composed of sequential amino acid residues linked via peptide bonds, SLU-PP-332 is a non-peptidic synthetic heterocyclic compound. Consequently, it does not possess a conventional single-letter or three-letter amino acid sequence. Researchers evaluating sequence databases will note that its identity is defined by its IUPAC nomenclature and core scaffold rather than a primary peptide primary structure.

The primary chemical parameters for SLU-PP-332 (free base form) are defined as follows:

• Chemical Formula: C27H23N3O • Exact Monoisotopic Mass: 405.1841 g/mol • Average Molecular Weight: 405.49 g/mol • IUPAC Name: 4-(((4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)thiazol-2-yl)amino)methyl)N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)benzamide (or related synthesized derivative structural isomer depending on target regiochemistry) • CAS Registry Number: 2932145-66-1 (Free Base)

When sourcing high-purity batches, such as SLU-PP-332 capsules 250mcg or lyophilized raw powder for research applications, verifying the exact molecular weight per lot on the accompanying batch documentation is essential to account for potential salt additions or hydration states.

Amino Acid Sequence Classification vs. Small Molecule Mimetics

A common point of inquiry among laboratory researchers concerns the classification of SLU-PP-332 within peptide research libraries. In structural biology, compounds are classified as linear peptides, cyclic peptides, peptidomimetics, or small-molecule synthetic ligands. SLU-PP-332 functions as a synthetic exercise-mimetic compound designed to interact directly with nuclear receptors, placing it outside the category of traditional ribosomally or synthetically synthesized amino acid chains.

For comparative studies examining mitochondrial gene expression, researchers often benchmark SLU-PP-332 against mitochondrial-derived peptides like MOTS-c or small-molecule metabolic modulators such as 5-Amino-1MQ and SR9009. While MOTS-c features a 16-amino-acid peptide sequence (Met-Met-Trp-Gln-Glu-Leu-Met-Ile-Ser-Trp-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Gln-Arg), SLU-PP-332 relies on a rigid aromatic framework to engage the ligand-binding domain of ERR receptors without peptide degradation vulnerabilities.

Salt Form Variants, Counterions, and Net Compound Calculation

Research reagents can be supplied as free bases or synthesized as acid addition salts (such as hydrochloride or trifluoroacetate [TFA] salts) to enhance solubility, crystalline stability, and shelf life. The presence of a counterion increases the gross formula weight of the solid material, which directly affects molar concentration calculations during buffer preparation.

If SLU-PP-332 is provided as a hydrochloride salt (SLU-PP-332 HCl, MW ~441.95 g/mol) or with residual trifluoroacetic acid from prep-HPLC purification, the net active compound content percentage must be factored into assay stoichiometry:

Net Compound Percentage (%) = [ MW (Free Base) / MW (Total Salt Form) ] × Purity Fraction

For accurate gravimetric calculations when working with solid reagents, laboratory technicians should utilize our digital reconstitution calculator to determine precise solvent volumes required to yield target micromolar (µM) or millimolar (mM) stock solutions.

Preclinical Receptor Targets and Mechanism of Action

In vitro and animal model investigations indicate that SLU-PP-332 acts as a potent pan-agonist of the Estrogen-Related Receptors (ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ). ERR nuclear receptors function as key transcriptional regulators of cellular energy metabolism, governing genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Preclinical rodent studies suggest that administration of SLU-PP-332 promotes an increase in slow-twitch oxidative muscle fiber type distribution, enhances basal oxygen consumption rates, and elevates expression of PGC-1α target genes without altering food intake. In cellular assays using murine myotubes, exposure to SLU-PP-332 demonstrated enhanced mitochondrial respiration rates and upregulated transcript levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4).

Analytical Characterization: HPLC, Mass Spectrometry, and NMR

To confirm identity, purity, and mass accuracy, research-grade compounds must undergo multi-tiered analytical testing prior to laboratory distribution. At PX1 Research, every production lot of SLU-PP-332 is subjected to strict verification protocols within an ISO 17025 accredited laboratory facility.

1. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Reversed-phase HPLC yields a single sharp retention peak, confirming a chemical purity profile exceeding 98.0%. This process ensures the absence of synthesis intermediates, structural regioisomers, or residual reaction side-products.

2. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS): Mass spectrometry verifies the exact protonated molecular ion species ([M+H]+ at m/z ~406.18), confirming that the synthesized mass corresponds precisely to the theoretical molecular weight.

3. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR): NMR spectroscopy validates the structural integrity of the aromatic ring networks and backbone linkages, confirming chemical identity beyond simple mass matching.

Investigating researchers can review comprehensive analytical documentation directly by examining our verified batch COA reports.

Solubility, Reconstitution, and Storage Specifications

Due to its lipophilic aromatic structure, SLU-PP-332 exhibits limited solubility in aqueous buffers at neutral pH. For in vitro assay preparation, organic solvents or specialized surfactant systems are required to achieve complete dissolution.

• Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO): Soluble up to 25–50 mg/mL with gentle sonication. • Ethanol: Sparingly soluble; stock preparation in 100% anhydrous ethanol requires warming and mechanical vortexing. • Aqueous Buffers (PBS/TBS): Direct dissolution in aqueous buffer is low (< 0.1 mg/mL). Stock solutions should first be prepared in DMSO and subsequently diluted into culture media or aqueous assay buffer, maintaining final DMSO concentrations below 0.1% (v/v) to avoid cell toxicity.

For long-term storage, solid powder should be stored desiccated at -20°C. Reconstituted DMSO stock solutions should be aliquoted into polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes, sealed under nitrogen or inert atmosphere, and stored at -80°C to prevent freeze-thaw degradation or moisture absorption.

PX1 Research Quality Standards and Supply Chain Integrity

PX1 Research is dedicated to supplying the scientific community with USA-manufactured research compounds that meet stringent purity and safety specifications. All reagents are produced under GMP-compliant manufacturing protocols and subjected to rigorous quality control screening.

Every batch of SLU-PP-332 undergoes third-party verification for non-peptide small-molecule purity, residual solvent clearance (via Headspace GC-MS), and bacterial endotoxin testing (LAL assay, ensuring < 0.05 EU/mg limits). Research institutions and academic laboratories seeking bulk quantities or specialized custom packaging can access our wholesale portal for institutional account setups and technical inquiries.

To explore complementary tools and literature, visit our comprehensive research library for detailed technical articles and mechanism breakdowns across our catalog.