SS-31 30mg — Vial Spec, Reconstitution Math & COA

SS-31 30mg Vial Specifications and Research Context

A 30mg mass specification of SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide or MTP-131) contains thirty milligrams of high-purity, lyophilized tetrapeptide cake formulated strictly for in vitro laboratory experimentation and animal model research. This specific size is frequently selected by institutional laboratories conducting high-density cellular assays, microplate bioenergetic profiling, or multi-week rodent cohort evaluations where maintaining a single, unified lot reference is critical to minimizing batch-to-batch variance.

In primary cell cultures, isolated mitochondria preparations, and preclinical tissue models, SS-31 is routinely investigated for its capacity to interact with inner mitochondrial membrane lipids. Standardizing research around a single 30mg vial reduces volumetric measurement error during large-scale buffer preparations compared to reconstituting multiple smaller vials sequentially.

Please note that PX1 Research maintains flexible cataloging based on analytical demand. While standard inventory configurations frequently focus on 10mg and 50mg sizes on our main catalog of research peptides, custom or intermediate mass allocations such as 30mg are evaluated under identical quality standards. Researchers seeking specific fill volumes or bulk batch reservations can inspect current inventory availability directly via our SS-31 product page or connect with our technical support team.

Molecular Structure and Primary Mechanism of Action

SS-31 is a synthetically designed aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide with the amino acid sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (where Dmt represents 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine). With a molecular weight of approximately 839.98 g/mol, the peptide possesses a net positive charge at physiological pH, enabling it to freely cross cell membranes and selectively concentrate within the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM).

Preclinical studies suggest that the primary molecular target of SS-31 is cardiolipin, a unique tetra-acylglycerol phospholipid localized almost exclusively to the IMM. Cardiolipin plays a structural role in organizing electron transport chain (ETC) supercomplexes (respirasomes) and maintaining inner membrane cristae architecture. In vitro assays demonstrate that SS-31 binds electrostatically and hydrophobically to cardiolipin headgroups.

By stabilizing cardiolipin against oxidative degradation and lipid peroxidation, SS-31 has been shown in laboratory models to optimize electron transfer between Complex I, Complex III, and Cytochrome c. This structural preservation helps maintain mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), promotes efficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and attenuates excess electron leak that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under simulated ischemic or oxidative stress conditions.

Reconstitution Mathematics for a 30mg Vial Specification

Accurate volumetric reconstitution is essential when preparing target concentrations for microplate assays or micro-infusion setups. Reconstitution concentration is governed by the basic relationship: Concentration (mg/mL) = Mass (mg) / Volume (mL). To assist bench scientists in rapid stock preparation, the mathematical parameters for a 30mg SS-31 mass spec across standard diluent volumes are outlined below:

1.0 mL Diluent Addition: Adding exactly 1.00 mL of laboratory diluent to 30mg of lyophilized cake yields a final concentration of 30.0 mg/mL (equivalent to 30.0 µg/µL or 35.71 mM based on an 839.98 g/mol M.W.). This highly concentrated stock is ideal for minimal-volume storage or high-concentration master mixes.

2.0 mL Diluent Addition: Adding 2.00 mL of diluent produces a stock concentration of 15.0 mg/mL (15.0 µg/µL or 17.86 mM). This concentration offers a practical balance between liquid viscosity and pipetting precision for sub-dilutions.

3.0 mL Diluent Addition: Adding 3.00 mL of diluent yields a working stock concentration of 10.0 mg/mL (10.0 µg/µL or 11.91 mM). A 10 mg/mL solution simplifies unit conversions when dosing cellular media in laboratory assays.

For complex target molarities or non-standard solvent ratios, researchers are encouraged to utilize our interactive peptide reconstitution calculator to verify custom volumetric plans before fluid addition.

Laboratory Reagent Handling and Aliquot Planning

Lyophilized SS-31 powder exhibits excellent long-term chemical stability when preserved under proper environmental conditions. Upon receipt, unopened vials should be stored at -20°C or -80°C in a desiccated environment protected from light exposure. Avoid ambient humidity ingress, which can induce premature hydration of the peptide cake.

When reconstituting, allow the sealed vial to equilibrate to room temperature prior to diluent introduction to prevent condensation inside the glass container. Suitable solvent choices for laboratory research include Sterile Bacteriostatic Water (0.9% benzyl alcohol), sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride (saline), or cell-culture grade Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS, pH 7.4). Slowly stream the diluent down the inner glass wall of the vial rather than shooting it directly onto the lyophilized cake, then gently swirl the vial until complete dissolution is observed. Never vortex violently, as shear forces can alter peptide integrity.

To prevent degradation caused by repeated freeze-thaw cycles, immediately divide the reconstituted SS-31 solution into single-use micro-aliquots using sterile, low-binding polypropylene tubes. Working aliquots stored at -20°C should be used within designated laboratory experiment windows, while long-term stock aliquots should remain at -80°C until immediately prior to assay execution.

Analytical Verification and COA Standard Specifications

Quality assurance at PX1 Research is grounded in rigorous analytical chemistry validation. Every production lot of SS-31 undergoes comprehensive third-party testing at accredited analytical facilities to guarantee strict mass verification, purity, and safety standards suitable for rigorous scientific investigation.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Analytical HPLC is performed to verify peptide purity. PX1 Research enforces a minimum purity threshold of ≥98.0% peak area integration for SS-31, ensuring that synthetic truncation sequences, side-chain impurities, and residual counterions are minimized.

Mass Spectrometry (MS): Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) confirms the exact molecular identity of the compound, matching the observed monoisotopic mass to the theoretical molecular weight of 839.98 g/mol.

Endotoxin Analysis: In vitro cell culture and live-tissue assays are sensitive to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination. Every lot is subjected to Chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) testing, verifying endotoxin levels below <0.01 EU/mg.

Researchers requiring lot-specific documentation can download complete batch data, including raw chromatograms and mass spectra, directly through our certificate of analysis hub.

Selecting the Right Mass Spec: 10mg, 30mg, or Bulk Formulations

Choosing between different vial configurations depends on the scope, duration, and volume requirements of the planned research protocol. Selecting an optimal vial size balances operational efficiency against reagent waste.

A 10mg vial size is typically preferred for pilot exploratory studies, brief cell culture assays, or single-plate respirometry evaluations where prolonged storage of reconstituted solutions is undesirable. Smaller vials minimize the risk of solution degradation over time.

Conversely, a 30mg or 50mg vial specification is far better suited for multi-plate high-throughput screening, long-term animal tissue model studies, or collaborative laboratory projects requiring identical stock solutions across multiple workstations. Utilizing a larger mass fill limits lot-to-lot variance and streamlines laboratory administrative overhead. For laboratories managing continuous research pipelines, institutional procurement options can be arranged via our wholesale lab accounts portal.

Comparative Analysis: SS-31 vs. Other Bioenergetic Research Peptides

When evaluating compounds involved in cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial function, and metabolic signaling, researchers often compare SS-31 alongside other prominent mitochondrial-targeted peptides. Understanding the structural and mechanistic differences between these targets helps refine experimental selection.

While SS-31 functions primarily as a physical cardiolipin-binding peptide that structurally optimizes the inner mitochondrial membrane and restrains ROS generation directly at the ETC, alternative bioenergetic peptides operate through distinct signaling cascades. For example, the MOTS-c research peptide is a mitochondria-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene that functions as a metabolic regulator, translocating to the cell nucleus under metabolic stress to modulate nuclear gene expression and folate/AMPK pathways.

Similarly, Humanin peptide analogs represent another class of mitochondrial-derived peptides studied extensively for cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic properties via extracellular receptor binding (such as FPRL1) and Bax protein interaction. In comparative bioenergetic protocols, SS-31 offers direct membrane-structure stabilization, whereas MOTS-c and Humanin provide transcriptional and signal-transduction regulatory insights. Review our expanded mitochondrial research peptides database for detailed biochemical breakdowns across these compound classes.

PX1 Research Quality Commitment and Supply Infrastructure

PX1 Research is dedicated to serving the scientific community by delivering American-manufactured, analytical-grade research compounds. Our synthesis facilities comply strictly with cGMP operational guidelines and ISO 17025 laboratory testing frameworks.

We understand that experimental timeline fidelity is critical to research productivity. Every order placed Monday through Friday before our daily cutoff ships the same day directly from our climate-controlled distribution nodes in California and Arizona. Every package is insulated and shipped under controlled temperatures to protect peptide structural integrity during transit.

All SS-31 lots supplied by PX1 Research are strictly labeled for laboratory research use only. They are not intended for human consumption, clinical diagnostic procedures, therapeutic application, or veterinary administration. By enforcing rigorous quality control and clear scientific communication, PX1 Research provides institutional laboratories with the baseline consistency required for reproducible bioenergetic research.