SS-31 15mg — Vial Spec, Reconstitution Math & COA

SS-31 15mg Specification Overview & Availability Notice

A 15mg vial of SS-31 contains 15 milligrams of highly purified, lyophilized tetrapeptide powder (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, molecular weight approximately 639.8 g/mol). Principal investigators and laboratory managers select a 15mg unit mass to support medium-throughput cell culture experiments, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) microplate assays, or multi-day animal model dosing protocols requiring a single, homogeneous stock solution batch.

Please note: While 15mg represents a common custom batch target for institutional research protocols, PX1 Research maintains stock inventory in standardized unit sizes including 10mg and 50mg configurations on our primary SS-31 research peptide product page. For laboratories requiring exact 15mg fills or bulk custom lot sizes, enterprise procurement is available through our dedicated institutional wholesale division.

Physicochemical Properties and Preclinical Mechanism of Action

SS-31, also documented in scientific literature as Elamipretide or MTP-131, is a synthetic cell-permeable peptide that selectively targets the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Preclinical studies indicate that the positively charged residues (arginine and lysine) combined with aromatic dimethyltyrosine and phenylalanine motifs enable SS-31 to interact electrostatically and hydrophobically with cardiolipin—a unique tetra-acyl phospholipid localized almost exclusively to the IMM.

In vitro models demonstrate that by binding cardiolipin, SS-31 stabilizes cristae architecture, optimizes electron transfer through complex I and complex III, and reduces electron leakage. This interaction has been shown in isolated organelle assays to limit excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production while preserving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis capacity under states of simulated ischemic or oxidative stress. All observed effects are documented strictly within preclinical and cellular experimental frameworks.

Reconstitution Mathematics for 15mg SS-31 Vials

Accurate reconstitution is vital for maintaining reproducible working concentrations across experimental replicates. When working with a 15mg lyophilized cake, scientists must select the appropriate volume of sterile diluent—typically Bacteriostatic Water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) for multi-use laboratory aliquoting or Sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride for sensitive cell culture media applications.

The following concentration metrics apply when reconstituting a standard 15mg vial:

• 1.0 mL Diluent Addition: Yields a final concentration of 15.0 mg/mL (15,000 µg/mL or 15 µg/µL). This high-density stock is ideal for minimal-volume micro-injections or concentrated master mixes.

• 2.0 mL Diluent Addition: Yields a final concentration of 7.5 mg/mL (7,500 µg/mL or 7.5 µg/µL). This balanced concentration simplifies pipette measurement for serial dilutions in microplate reader assays.

• 3.0 mL Diluent Addition: Yields a final concentration of 5.0 mg/mL (5,000 µg/mL or 5.0 µg/µL). Useful when larger volumetric additions are required to achieve accurate micro-dosing without volumetric pipetting error.

To quickly compute custom volume-to-concentration ratios for secondary dilutions, utilize our interactive reconstitution calculator tool.

Aliquot Planning and Solution Stability Protocols

Repeated freeze-thaw cycles significantly degrade peptide integrity and alter working concentrations due to localized surface adsorption and precipitation. Following full reconstitution of the 15mg cake, the stock solution should immediately be divided into single-use micro-aliquots using polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes.

For short-term experimental series (1–7 days), reconstituted SS-31 solutions may be stored at 2°C to 8°C protected from light. For long-term storage (up to 3–6 months), aliquots must be flash-frozen and maintained at -20°C or -80°C. Researchers must avoid frost-free freezers, as temperature cycling severely impacts structural stability.

Quality Control Metrics: Lot-Specific HPLC & MS Verification

To ensure high experimental reproducibility, PX1 Research enforces strict quality assurance criteria for every synthesized batch. Regardless of whether a lot is filled into standard unit sizes or custom 15mg mass specifications, each production run undergoes dual analytical testing by an independent ISO 17025 accredited laboratory.

Purity is verified via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to guarantee a minimum chemical purity of ≥98.0%. Molecular identity is confirmed through Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS), matching the observed mass-to-charge ratio against theoretical sequence predictions. Additionally, every batch undergoes chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) testing to confirm endotoxin levels remain strictly below <0.5 EU/mg. Researchers can independently verify lot integrity by accessing our batch-specific COA database.

Comparative Analysis: SS-31 vs. Other Mitochondrial Compounds

When evaluating compounds targeting cellular energetics, investigators frequently compare SS-31 with other mitochondrial-derived or metabolic signaling peptides. Understanding their distinct mechanisms facilitates accurate protocol selection across our comprehensive research peptide catalog.

While SS-31 directly binds cardiolipin inside the inner mitochondrial membrane to optimize electron transport chain efficiency, MOTS-c research peptide operates primarily as a mitochondrial-derived signaling peptide that translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress to regulate nuclear gene expression and folate metabolism. Similarly, Humanin mitochondrial peptides act through cell-surface and cytoprotective signaling pathways to suppress apoptosis. Researchers interested in broader co-factor dynamics often evaluate NAD+ precursor compounds alongside SS-31 to assess substrate availability versus structural membrane optimization in preclinical metabolic models.

Choosing the Optimal Vial Size: 10mg, 15mg, or 50mg

Selecting the appropriate vial mass depends on trial scope, aliquot storage capacity, and compound stability timelines. A 10mg vial is typically optimal for preliminary exploratory assays, pilot dose-response curves, or short-term in vitro studies where minimal stock storage is desired.

A 15mg configuration serves as an efficient intermediate scale for mid-sized animal cohorts requiring daily dosing regimes over a 2- to 3-week window. For larger rodent studies or high-throughput automated screening platforms, opting for 50mg mass fills minimizes batch-to-batch variation while providing superior cost efficiency per milligram of active peptide.

Lyophilized Powder Handling and Laboratory Storage Standards

Unreconstituted, lyophilized SS-31 powder exhibits superior chemical stability when stored in desiccated conditions at -20°C. Upon receipt from PX1 Research—which ships all orders directly from our domestic California and Arizona facilities within 24 hours (Monday through Friday)—vials should immediately be transferred to sub-zero storage.

Prior to reconstitution, allow the sealed vial to equilibrate to room temperature inside a desiccator for 30–60 minutes. Opening cold vials exposes the lyophilized cake to ambient atmospheric moisture, inducing rapid condensation that can cause peptide hydrolysis and inaccurate mass measurement.

Institutional Supply and Bulk Procurement Options

PX1 Research supports university laboratories, contract research organizations (CROs), and biotechnology firms with custom synthesized peptide batches, enterprise scale fills, and specialized documentation. Our manufacturing standards adhere to strict GMP-compliant quality management systems.

To explore custom volumetric fills, uniform lot reserve programs, or volume pricing for large-scale preclinical trials, review our enterprise services within the PX1 research library hub or contact our technical account specialists.